采用功率谱方法提取地球自由振荡信息

利用中国数字地震台网的三个台站所记录到的2011年日本里氏9.0级地震的地震数据,在没有进行去固体潮的前提下进行功率谱分析,获得了地球球型自由振荡振型,通过与PREM模型相对比,发现所提取的94个振型,包括76个基频振型（0S0,2S0～0S76）和18个谐频振型,与理论值的误差很小,所有数据的平均偏差为0.14%。文中发现该地震激发的0S2,0S3,0S4和1S2自由振荡振型有明显的频谱分裂现象。     

Simultaneous recovery of vanadium and nickel from power plant fly-ash: Optimization of parameters using response surface methodology

Simultaneous recovery of vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni), which are classified as two of the most hazardous metal species from power plant heavy fuel fly-ash, was studied using a hydrometallurgical process consisting of acid leaching using sulfuric acid. Leaching parameters were investigated and optimized in order to maximize the recovery of both vanadium and nickel. The independent leaching parameters investigated were liquid to solid ratio (S/L) (5–12.5 wt.%), temperature (45–80 °C), sulfuric acid concentration (5–25 v/v%) and leaching time (1–5 h). Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the process parameters. The most effective parameter on the recovery of both elements was found to be temperature and the least effective was time for V and acid concentration for Ni. Based on the results, optimum condition for metals recovery (actual recovery of ca.94% for V and 81% for Ni) was determined to be solid to liquid ratio of 9.15 wt.%, temperature of 80 °C, sulfuric acid concentration of 19.47 v/v% and leaching time of 2 h. The maximum V and Ni predicted recovery of 91.34% and 80.26% was achieved.     

The need for bioaugmentation after thermal treatment of a TCE-contaminated aquifer: Laboratory experiments

A microcosm study was conducted to evaluate the need for bioaugmentation after a thermal treatment to anaerobically dechlorinate trichloroethene (TCE) to ethene. The microcosms were either: heated to 100 degrees C and slowly cooled to simulate thermal remediation while bioaugmenting when the declining temperature reached 10 degrees C; or kept at ambient groundwater temperatures (10 degrees C) and bioaugmented for comparison. Aquifer samples from three sediment locations within a TCE-polluted source zone were investigated in duplicate microcosms. In biostimulated (5 mM lactate) and heated microcosms, no conversion of TCE was observed in 4 out of 6 microcosms, and in the remaining microcosms the dechlorination of TCE was incomplete to cDCE (cis-dichloroethene). By comparison, complete TCE dechlorination to ethene was observed in 4 out of 6 heated microcosms that were bioaugmented with a highly enriched dechlorinating mixed culture, KB-1, but no electron donor, and also in 4 of 6 microcosms that were augmented with KB-1 and an electron donor (5 mM lactate). These data suggest that electron donor released during heating, was capable of promoting complete dechlorination coincident with bioaugmentation. Heated microcosms demonstrated less methanogenesis than unheated microcosms, even with elevated H2 concentrations and addition of KB-1, which contains methanogens. This suggests that the heating process suppressed the native microbial community, which can decrease competition with the bioaugmented culture and increase the effectiveness of dechlorination following a thermal treatment. Specifically, cDCE removal rates were four to six times higher in heated than unheated bioaugmented microcosms. This study confirms the need for bioaugmentation following a laboratory thermal treatment to obtain complete dechlorination of TCE.     

清洁汽车燃料-LPG在化油器发动机上的应用研究

减少汽车尾气对环境造成的污染已是全球性的关注热点，本文通过发动机台架试验，研究了清洁汽车燃料－LPG在化油器发动机上的使用情况，试验结果表明，含炳烷75％的LPG在所采用的试验燃料中不但具有良好的动力性能，而且具有良好的消耗性能和排放性能。     

城市垃圾中生物质在热分析仪中燃烧的动力学模型研究

为了合理有效利用城市垃圾中的生物质能，实现城市垃圾的无害化、减量化、资源化利用，开发适合我国城市垃圾中生物质的焚烧技术，特地对昆明市城市垃圾中生物质进行了特性分析，并在热重分析天平上对其进行了动力学实验研究与分析。结果表明，城市垃圾中生物质的燃烧过程大致可以分为四个阶段，即脱水干燥阶段、挥发份的析出和燃烧阶段、过渡阶段和固定炭燃烧阶段。城市生活垃圾中生物质具有着火温度低、燃尽率高等特点。通过对热重（TG）、差示扫描曲线（DTA）的深入分析，对城市垃圾中生物质的燃烧动力学参数进行了研究，为实现城市垃圾无害化提供理论与技术的支持。     

Destratification and oxygenation efficiency of a water-lifting aerator system in a deep reservoir: Implications for optimal operation

Thermal stratification is a common phenomenon in lakes and reservoirs and has a significant influence on water quality dynamics.Heihe Reservoir is a canyon-shaped reservoir in Shaanxi Province with strong thermal stratification.Therefore,eight water-lifting aerators(WLAs) were installed in this reservoir,which could overcome thermal stratification and increase oxygenation with gas flows between 20 and 50 m3/hr,and oxygenate the hypolimnion with gas flows less than 20 m3/hr.To examine the destratification efficiency of the WLA system,we used a threedimensional hydrodynamic module based on MIKE 3 to simulate the thermal structure of Heihe Reservoir and compared the simulations with measured data.Results showed that operation of the WLA system promoted water mixing and effectively oxygenated the hypolimnion.Through the established energy utilization assessment method,the energy utilization efficiency of the WLA system was between 5.36% and 7.30%,indicating the capability of the technique for destratification in such a large reservoir.When the surface water temperature dropped to the theoretical mixed water temperature calculated by the energy utilization assessment method,reducing gas flow could save energy.This would prevent anaerobic conditions from occurring in the bottom water and maintain good water quality in Heihe Reservoir.     

Thermal internal boundary layer and its effects on air pollutants during summer in a coastal city in North China

The thermal internal boundary layer(TIBL) is associated with coastal pollution dispersion,which can result in high concentrations of air pollutants near the surface of the Earth. In this study, boundary layer height data which were obtained using a ceilometer were used to assess the effect of the TIBL on atmospheric pollutants in Qinhuangdao, a coastal city in North China.A TIBL formed on 33% of summer days. When a TIBL formed, the sunshine duration was 2.4 hr longer, the wind speed was higher, the wind direction reflected a typical sea breeze, and the boundary layer height was lower from 9:00 LT to 20:00 LT compared to days without a TIBL. If no TIBL formed, the average concentrations of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) decreased with increasing boundary layer height. However, when a TIBL was observed, the average concentrations of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) increased with increasing boundary layer height. Because the air from the sea is clean, PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) concentrations reached minimums in the daytime at 16:00 LT. After16:00 LT, the PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) concentrations increased rapidly on days when a TIBL formed,which indicated that the TIBL leads to the rapid accumulation of atmospheric pollutants in the evening. Therefore, the maximum concentrations of particulate matters were larger when a TIBL formed compared to when no TIBL was present during the night. These results indicate that it is suitable for outdoor activities in the daytime on days with a TIBL in coastal cities.     

Relationship between electrogenic performance and physiological change of four wetland plants in constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells during non-growing seasons

To find suitable wetland plants for constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells(CW-MFCs),four commonly used wetland plants, including Canna indica, Cyperus alternifolius L., Acorus calamus, and Arundo donax, were investigated for their electrogenic performance and physiological changes during non-growing seasons. The maximum power output of12.82 mW/m~2 was achieved in the A. donax CW-MFC only when root exudates were being released. The results also showed that use of an additional carbon source could remarkably improve the performance of electricity generation in the C. indica and A. donax CW-MFCs at relatively low temperatures(2–15°C). However, A. calamus withered before the end of the experiment, whereas the other three plants survived the winter safely, although their relative growth rate values and the maximum quantum yield of PSII(Fv/Fm) significantly declined, and free proline and malondialdehyde significantly accumulated in their leaves.On the basis of correlation analysis, temperature had a greater effect on plant physiology than voltage. The results offer a valuable reference for plant selection for CW-MFCs.     

Investigation of Synthesis of Copolymers from the Waste Products of Industrial Oil Refinement having Adhesion Properties and Strength to the Thermal Destruction

In this study, the waste products of industrial vegetable oil refinement were transformed into the glycidyl ester for preventing the effects of them to the environment, the ways for evaluating them in polymer chemistry were investigated, copolymers having high adhesion property and strength to the thermal destruction were synthesized and the area of their usage was determined. For this reason, the waste product of sunflower oil refination as a vegetable oil in the industry; soap stock (SS) was converted to the unsaturated glycidyl esters by the interaction with epichlorohidrine in the alkaline medium. After that the copolymerization of synthesized unsaturated glycidyl esters and the other waste product of oil refinement fatty acid (FA) with styrene in the radicalic initiator medium were investigated and copolymers that have high strength to the thermal destruction and adhesion property were synthesized. From the results of TGA and DTA analysis, it was determined that synthesized copolymers have low loss of weight at high temperature. The structures of copolymers were fixed by spectral and chemical analysis methods.     

Thermal decomposition kinetic of liquid organic peroxides

This study demonstrates the application of isothermal calorimeter for investigating the thermal decomposition of several liquid organic peroxides, such as t-Butyl peroxy acetate (TBPA), Di-tert butyl peroxide (DTBP), and Cumene hydroperoxide (CHP). The decomposition mechanism and kinetic can be identified from case to case. TBPA and DTBP undergo first order reaction, whereas CHP occurs autocatalysis. Accurate kinetic can be assessed on the basis of discerning these various schemes of given samples. Consequently, the thermal runaway or reactive hazards potential of organic peroxides can be determined, for instance as a self accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT).