End-of-life vehicle recycling and automobile shredder residue management in Japan

The Japanese Government introduced the Law on Recycling of End-of-Life Vehicles (ELV Recycling Law) in 2002. This law requires manufacturers to retrieve chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), airbags, and automobile shredder residue (ASR) from ELVs and to properly recycle the remaining materials. This framework is compared with European ELV directives. Pilot-scale incineration plant testing has revealed a greater formation of by-product persistent organic pollutants (POPs) during the primary combustion of ASR compared to normal municipal solid waste. This may be attributed to the abundance of chlorine, Cu, and Fe in ASR, as Cu and Fe have been found to catalyze the formation of POPs under certain conditions. However, most by-product POPs were destroyed by the secondary combustion, and almost all were removed after flue gas treatment. The direct melting system is a shaft-type gasification and melting technology that has proved effective in many municipal solid waste applications. This system can be applied to ASR recycling for effective decomposition of brominated flame retardants and polybrominated dioxins.     

Assessment of risk to aquatic biota from elevated salinity—A case study from the Hunter River,Australia

An ecological risk assessment was performed on salinity levels of the Hunter River and its tributaries to respond to concerns that high salinity may be damaging aquatic ecosystems. Probabilistic techniques were used to assess likelihood and consequence, and hence the risk to aquatic biota from salinity. Continuous electrical conductivity distributions were used to describe the likelihood that high salinity would occur (exposure dataset) and toxicity values were compiled from the limited literature sources available to describe the consequence of high salinity (effects dataset). The assessment was preliminary in the sense that it modelled risk on the basis of existing data and did not undertake site-specific toxicity testing.     

扬沸过程火焰辐射的估算

本文基于轴对称灰体火焰的物理假定，运用二维数值积分方法，对含水层油品燃烧过程反馈热辐射以及火焰对环境的热辐射水平进行了估算；同时，本文研究了火焰反馈热辐射对油品燃烧速率的影响，所得结果物理趋势合理。     

吉阳核电厂址近地面层温度梯度及风廓线规律适用性研究

观测安徽吉阳核电厂址近地面层的气象数据,对该厂址近地面层温度梯度及风廓线规律的适用性进行了分析,通过散点图的形式寻找风速比随稳定度参数的变化特征。结果表明,本区气温日变化符合一般观测规律,四季平均气温有较大差异、温差偏大,春夏两季多易出现逆温,春冬逆温强度较夏季偏大;非中性层结条件下风速比值随稳定度的增强而离散增大。     

Mitigation of greenhouse gases by adoption of improved biomass cookstoves

Greenhouse gases especially CO₂ can be reduced with the help of improved biomass cookstoves. This paper deals with the design and development of biomass stoves (single pot and double pot) with better efficiency for meeting household cooking energy requirement. Thermal performance, flue gas emission of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) have been investigated. It was seen from the result that the flue gas emission is within permissible limit as recommended by World Health Organization. The design of improved biomass stove sent to Palampur (32^o10’N,76^o30’E) center situated in Himalaya in hilly terrain of India, where the acceptability of double pot stoves (85%) is quite high compared to single pot stoves (30%). Thermal efficiencies of both single and double pot stove were recorded about 21% and 25% respectively. An improved biomass cookstove can save about 161 kg of CO₂ annually. Improved cookstoves was found eco-friendly in nature and suitable for the cooking requirement of hilly areas.     

清洁生产审核目标设置与Eviews模型

清洁生产审核中目标的设置是完成审核的重要环节之一,但是由于没有定量的手段往往会出现高低偏差,以至影响审核的效果。围绕此问题,本文探讨了借助计量经济软件Eviews对相关数据建立模型,以贵阳特殊钢有限责任公司一炼钢厂钢产量和电耗为例,预测未来电耗情况,结合相应清洁生产方案设置审核的目标。     

排放绩效法用于沈阳市燃煤电厂二氧化硫总量控制目标研究

介绍排放绩效法在火电企业二氧化硫指标控制方面的应用,根据沈阳市"十一五"二氧化硫总量控制要求制定了排放绩效标准,并利用绩效法对各燃煤电厂二氧化硫总量控制指标进行了测算,提出了总量分配方法。     

热脱附法在测定空气中苯系物上的应用

对热脱附-气相色谱测定苯系物方法中的几种常用吸附剂进行了选择比较。结果表明,在测定苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯以及苯乙烯时,TenaxTA/Carbograph1TD复合型吸附剂的综合吸附效率最好。TenaxTA/Carbograph1TD复合型吸附剂的检出限、精密度、准确度和保存期都得到了良好的结果,能够满足监测分析的要求。     

生物质发电工程的环保设计

简要介绍生物质发电工程环保设计的重点,确保环保达标;并总结工程设计中遇到的常见问题,给出优化设计结果,以促进生物质发电工程的不断发展。     

电厂二氧化碳捕集分离技术研究综述

电厂二氧化碳捕集与封存是二氧化碳减排措施研究热点,也是全球二氧化碳减排的重要任务之一,可分为物理吸附/吸收、化学吸收、物理-化学吸收、膜技术及生物技术等。其中物理吸附/吸收、化学吸收为电厂二氧化碳捕集主流技术。开发具有高选择性、高效率吸收剂及捕集技术,提高能源利用效率,合理布置尾部烟气脱碳处理设施是电厂二氧化碳捕集技术面临的挑战。