Potassium carbonate-based ternary transition temperature mixture (deep eutectic analogues) for CO2 absorption: Characterizations and DFT analysis

•Addition of hindered amine increased thermal stability and viscosity of TTTM. •Addition of hindered amine improved the CO₂ absorption performance of TTTM. •Good the CO₂ absorption of recycled solvents after two regenerations. •Important role of amine group in CO₂ absorption of TTTM confirmed by DFT analysis. Is it possible to improve CO₂ solubility in potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃)-based transition temperature mixtures (TTMs)? To assess this possibility, a ternary transition-temperature mixture (TTTM) was prepared by using a hindered amine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (AMPD). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to detect the functional groups including hydroxyl, amine, carbonate ion, and aliphatic functional groups in the prepared solvents. From thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), it was found that the addition of AMPD to the binary mixture can increase the thermal stability of TTTM. The viscosity findings showed that TTTM has a higher viscosity than TTM while their difference was decreased by increasing temperature. In addition, Eyring’s absolute rate theory was used to compute the activation parameters (ΔG*, ΔH*, and ΔS*). The CO₂ solubility in liquids was measured at a temperature of 303.15 K and pressures up to 1.8 MPa. The results disclosed that the CO₂ solubility of TTTM was improved by the addition of AMPD. At the pressure of about 1.8 MPa, the CO₂ mole fractions of TTM and TTTM were 0.1697 and 0.2022, respectively. To confirm the experimental data, density functional theory (DFT) was employed. From the DFT analysis, it was found that the TTTM+ CO₂ system has higher interaction energy (|ΔE |) than the TTM+ CO₂ system indicating the higher CO₂ affinity of the former system. This study might help scientists to better understand and to improve CO₂ solubility in these types of solvents by choosing a suitable amine as HBD and finding the best combination of HBA and HBD.     

添加不同比例的石灰对污泥稳定化的模糊评价

在污泥处置策略中,污泥碱式干化被认同是一种安全可靠的处置方式。而我国由于大多采用较为原始的推送装置,不仅石灰消耗量大,而且污泥稳定化效果差,难以实现污泥性状的改善。利用自主研发的高效混合器,在脱水污泥中添加质量分数为5%、7%、10%、12%和15%的500目工业石灰后,分别测定添加后污泥的温度、pH、粪大肠菌值以及臭味强度的变化,并采用模糊数学法评价了添加不同比例的石灰对污泥的稳定化效果,结果表明:添加不同比例的工业用生石灰后,污泥的温度从原污泥的30℃分别升高到32.0、36.0、39.2、41.0和43.3℃;污泥中的pH从原污泥的6.5左右均升高到12以上;粪大肠菌值从原污泥的1.08×10-8 g/MPN均降为0.01 g/MPN以下;臭味强度从5级降为2级以下;污泥稳定化程度高,模糊综合评价结果都为一级。因此,添加5%的石灰即可实现污泥的稳定化。     

铬渣秸秆共热解产物铬稳定性研究

生物质铬渣共热解工艺是新型的铬渣处理工艺,该工艺能有效地将铬渣中的Cr(Ⅵ)还原为Cr(Ⅲ).而由于共热解产物总铬含量较高,因此考察了铬渣与秸秆共热解过程中铬稳定性.通过考察共热解产物成分及形态分析、pH影响实验、淋洗实验及长期稳定性实验,对共热解铬渣的铬环境安全性进行评估.结果表明:(1)共热解温度对铬渣形态有较大影响,可交换态及碳酸盐结合态铬含量随共热解温度升高而逐渐降低,800℃时候可交换态铬降至＜0.1％(质量分数,下同),碳酸盐结合态铬为1.2％;共热解后最稳定的残渣态铬含量随共热解温度升高而逐渐升高.(2)当pH＞7时,两种共热解产物总铬溶出量极低,基本都小于6mg/kg;当pH≤7时,总铬的溶出量显著增加,最高超过500 mg/kg.但由于解毒铬渣的酸中和能力极强,因此铬释放风险较低.(3)共热解产物的总铬累积溶出量极低,根据拟合结果计算出其100年填埋时间的总铬溶出量不超过1.3 mg/kg.长期稳定性实验表明,自然堆置过程中共热解产物的Cr(Ⅵ)含量逐渐降低.     

氨氮测定过程中有关问题的探讨

针对纳氏比色法测定氨氮过程中存在的问题，提出了相应的解决办法。消除了混浊和泡沫干扰问题，降低了空白吸光度，提高了测定的准确度。     

汉江蜀河水电站库水位对岸坡稳定性的影响分析

汉江蜀河水电站属于Ⅱ等大(2)型水电站,水库的建成、运行可能对岸坡的稳定性造成一定的影响,尤其是水库蓄水后的库水位变化及与库水位变化相关的参数,对岸坡的稳定影响极大,因此弄清楚库水位变化与其相关的参数对岸坡稳定性的影响,是汉江蜀河水电站成功运营必须解决的问题之一。以地质背景为基础,结合具体坡段的岩性、结构特征等,从水库水位公式的建立,到在不同库水位的条件下,运用数值模拟对岸坡稳定性系数和相关参数的变化进行了分析评价。     

高速铁路黄土路堑边坡变形的动力数值分析

以郑西高速铁路客运专线路堑段铁路黄土边坡工程实例为背景,经过适当简化处理,利用数值模拟软件FLAC建立了轨道-路基-黄土边坡系统动力分析计算模型,并对不同列车运行速度下黄土边坡的扰动程度及边坡稳定性进行了分析。结果表明,黄土边坡的扰动程度随列车运行速度的增大而增大,稳定性随列车速度的增大而减小。     

柚皮的综合利用及色素稳定性研究

设计了一套柚皮综合利用的方法,分别用水蒸气地和混合盐析法提取其中的香油、色素、果胶,并对柚皮红棕色素的稳定性作了研究。结果发现该色素在酸性条件下非常稳定,有机酸、糖类及Mg^2 等对该色素影响不大。本研究可为柚皮资源的开发利用提供重要的理论依据和方法。     

污泥停留时间对餐厨垃圾与剩余污泥中温厌氧混合发酵系统的影响

采用连续搅拌釜式反应器(CSTR)成功启动了餐厨垃圾与剩余污泥混合发酵平行系统,重点探究了不同污泥停留时间(SRT)缩减幅度对于餐厨垃圾和剩余污泥混合发酵系统的影响.结果表明,较大幅度地缩减SRT( 8. 3 d)提升反应器运行负荷,不利于反应器的稳定运行;随着反应器运行负荷的增加,SRT缩减幅度应逐渐降低(5～0. 9 d),能够取得餐厨垃圾和剩余污泥混合发酵系统的高负荷稳定运行.经过282 d的运行,CSTR混合发酵系统能够在SRT为9. 1 d,进料负荷(以COD计)为(12. 9±1. 5) g·(L·d)~(-1)的条件下稳定运行,相应的甲烷产量为3. 94～4. 25 L·(L·d)~(-1),甲烷产率(以COD计)为288～302 m L·g-1,p H和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA,以COD计)分别稳定在7. 80～7. 83和0. 32～0. 39 g·L-1.此外,还探究了高负荷条件下餐厨垃圾和剩余污泥混合发酵污泥特性,结果表明,餐厨垃圾和剩余污泥混合发酵系统甲烷转化途径以乙酸转化途径为主,具有较高的乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和戊酸的产甲烷活性和辅酶F420的质量摩尔浓度.     

Synthesis, characterization and experimental investigation of Cu-BTC as CO2 adsorbent from flue gas

Porous Cu-BTC material was synthesized by the solvothermal method. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) was used to test the phase purity of the synthesized material and investigate its structural stability under the influence of flue gas components. The thermal stability of the material was determined through thermal gravimetric (TG) analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to study the microstructure of the material. Cu-BTC was demonstrated not only to have high CO₂ adsorption capacity but also good selectivity of CO₂ over N₂ by means of packed bed tests. The adsorption capacity of Cu-BTC for CO₂ was about 69 mL/g at 22°C. The influence of the main flue gas components on the CO₂ capacity of the material were discussed as well.     

定位注浆顶板的稳定性数值模拟

帷幕注浆技术能实现岩溶水矿山的安全开采,而注浆(即隔障带)厚度一般是利用经验公式计算所得,存在较大的误差。本文应用流固耦合理论,对矿体开采条件下顶板注浆隔障带的稳定性问题进行了分析。采用数值模拟的方法,定量地模拟了矿房开挖过程中围岩(即隔障带)应力场的分布、破坏场的发展及位移场的变化规律。模拟表明由于顶板发生破坏,经验公式计算的隔障带不能满足隔水的要求,应增大隔障带厚度保证安全开采。根据采动影响范围为大水矿床顶板注浆及矿房参数设计提供依据,对防治岩熔水矿山突水有一定的指导意义。