浅谈生物资源平衡与生态平衡

地球是一个具有一定自洁、自我修复功能的大生态系统,它由各种植物、动物、人类、微生物有机的组成,维持着自然界的生态平衡。而大量的人类活动给地球的生态平衡产生了较大影响,特别是明显加快的城市化进程,使得这种平衡逐渐受到不可逆的破坏。论文重点分析了城市化给生态平衡所带来的问题,并由此提出了从生物链的角度建立生物资源平衡,从而实现新的生态平衡。将城市污染物的资源化和生态平衡联系起来,通过建立生物资源补充机制、改变城市垃圾和污水的处理方法等措施,促进生物资源平衡,在相对较大的范围内实现人类发展与自然相协调,实现可持续发展。     

An assessment of how distance and diesel oxidation catalyst will impact thermal decomposition behaviors of particles

Decomposition mass loss and pyrolysis products analyses of particles sampled at various locations along the tailpipe of a Euro-IV diesel engine were performed using a thermogravimetry in conjunction with Fourier transformation infrared spectrometry-mass spectrum. Diesel particles were collected at the same location with and without diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) mounted on the test engine separately. The three poles in thermal gravity-differential thermal gravity images suggested that the decomposition process of diesel particles could be divided into three stages which correspond to the decompositions of lower boiling substances, higher boiling substances and soot respectively. It is noticed that no matter whether DOC was mounted or not, the further the particles were sampled away from the engine block, the lower the peak temperatures and the heavier the mass losses within the first two stages, which indicated that the soluble organic fraction in the particle samples increased and therefore lowering the activation energy of thermal decomposition. Hydroxyl, ammonia, C_xH_y fragments, benzene, toluene, and phenol were found to be the primary products of particle decomposition, which didn't change with the location of particle sample point. The employment of DOC increased the activation energy for particle oxidation and resulted in a higher peak temperature and lower mass loss within the first-stage. Moreover, the CO stretching bands of aldehyde and ketone at 1771 cm^?1 was only detected without a DOC, while the NO₂ peak at 1634 cm^?1 was solely noticed with the presence of DOC. Compared to the first-stage pyrolysis products, more polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and less C_xH_y fragments were seen in the second-stage.     

抗滑桩加固后边坡稳定性评价与桩位优化研究进展

边坡失稳是影响人类工程建设活动安全性的一类常见的地质问题,抗滑桩是边坡治理工程中常用的防治措施之一,但是目前考虑加桩后边坡的稳定性研究较少。针对抗滑桩加固后的边坡稳定性评价和抗滑桩桩位布设优化问题的研究进展进行了概述,重点综述了:抗滑柱加固边坡的稳定性分析方法,即国内外在理论计算、数值模拟和物理模型实验三方面的研究成果,并对比分析了各自的优缺点;目前常用的抗滑桩最优布设分析方法,并指出了各自的适用条件;当前边坡工程中抗滑桩桩位优化研究的现状,并对今后的发展方向进行了展望,可为今后类似研究提供一定借鉴与参考。     

粤北地区一次臭氧污染过程分析及数值模拟

2020年7月1日,粤北地区出现了一次O₃污染过程,其中韶关市录得全省最高值162μg·m^-3.本文利用常规观测资料以及再分析资料对影响此次韶关地区O₃污染过程的主要气象场特征进行分析,结果表明：6月28日—7月2日天气形势总体处于静稳状态,地面受到均压场控制,同时副热带高压较强,脊线位于韶关上空,导致中高层有下沉气流,抑制了垂直方向污染物的扩散.6月28—30日(污染积累阶段),风速较大,韶关在外来输送和污染扩散条件的共同作用下,O₃浓度上升但未超标.7月1日(污染持续阶段),韶关和清远两地风速减小,污染扩散条件不利;同时气温有所上升,光化学反应作用增强,有利于O₃浓度攀升;同时广州和佛山两地的风向从偏南风转为偏北风,韶关市维持偏南风,主导风向的差异是全省只有韶关O₃超标的主要原因.7月2日(污染消散阶段),O₃外来传输及本地生成作用减弱,全省O₃浓度下降.进一步利用HYSPLIT后向轨迹以及WRF-CMAQ空...     

臭氧氧化自来水生物稳定性研究

采用可同化有机碳研究某石化地区臭氧氧化自来水的生物稳定性。结果表明,地下水原水ＡＯＣ含量为４１３μｇ／Ｌ,不仅有生物稳定性,水源遭到有机物污染。     

Biodegradation of phenol by free and immobilized Acinetobacter sp. strain PD12

A new phenol-degrading bacterium with high biodegradation activity and high tolerance of phenol, strain PD 12, was isolated from the activated sludge of Tianjin Jizhuangzi Wastewater Treatment Facility in China. This strain was capable of removing 500 mg phenol/L in liquid minimal medium by 99.6% within 9 h and metabolizing phenol at concentrations up to 1100 mg/L. DNA sequencing and homologous analysis of 16S rRNA gene identified PD12 to be an Acinetobacter sp. Polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） was used as a gel matrix to immobilize Acinetobacter sp. strain PDI2 by repeated freezing and thawing. The factors affecting phenol degradation of immobilized cells were investigated, and the results showed that the immobilized cells could tolerate a high phenol level and protected the bacteria against changes in temperature and pH. Storage stability and reusability tests revealed that the phenol degradation functions of immobilized cells were stable after reuse for 50 times or storing at 4℃ for 50 d. These results indicate that immobilized Acinetobacter sp. strain PD 12 possesses a good application potential in the treatment of phenol-containing wastewater.     

沸石床多级生物膜焦化废水处理系统的NH_~4+-N去除稳定性研究

焦化废水处理中预处理蒸氨工艺不稳定容易引起生物处理出水NH+4-N的波动,为了在有机物去除的同时提高生物系统对NH+4-N的去除效果和稳定性,采用对NH+4-N有良好吸附性能的天然斜发沸石为生物填料构建沸石床多级生物膜系统,考察了进水负荷对系统运行稳定性的影响、抗冲击负荷能力以及系统的功能分区和污染物迁移转化规律.结果表明,当系统进水NH+4-N负荷≤0.21 kg/(m3·d)、COD负荷≤1.35 kg/(m3·d)时,出水NH+4-N和COD的平均浓度分别为(2.2±1.2)mg/L和(228±60)mg/L,平均去除率分别达(99.1±0.5)%和(86.0±2.6)%.在低、高两次NH+4-N冲击负荷[0.03 kg/(m3·d)和0.06 kg/(m3·d)]条件下,系统对NH+4-N的平均去除率仍然分别高达99.0%和92.9%,高于对比系统的96.8%和89.3%,表现出良好的抗NH+4-N冲击负荷性能与处理稳定性.系统好氧单元反应器沿程出现脱碳/硝化功能区(C/N区)和硝化功能区(N区),其中N区的NH+4-N 降解速率为C/N区的2～8倍.系统进水中相对分子质量＜1×103、 1×103～1×104、＞1×104的TOC浓度分别为227.6、104.8和35.0 mg/L,处理出水中的TOC浓度分别为31.2、 22.9和31.5 mg/L,其中相对分子质量＜1×103和1×103～1×104这2个范围的有机物降解良好,出水残余物质主要为相对分子质量＞1×103的有机物.     

从植被演替和抗风性研究包兰线沙坡头段人工植被稳定性

运用群落演替与风沙流因子分析相结合的方法论证了群落的稳定性。在沙坡头地区,以油蒿为主的人工群落在长期的自然演替过程中已达到与生境条件相互适应的动态稳定过程。通过沙坡头与周边地区植被演替的比较研究,表明了该地区现有植被正形成(或已形成)偏途顶极序列,该植被在相当长的时间内会稳定存在,这些演替可促使沙坡头地区的人工植被向更为稳定的人工+自然复合生态系统以及自然生态系统方向变化。此外,风洞实验结果显示,沙坡头现有主要植被和地表能够抵抗较大风沙流胁迫,已形成了能够忍耐沙尘暴的生态系统。     

硫化物水样的稳定性研究

对硫化钠水样的制备及其稳定性进行了研究和讨论,找到一种长期稳定保存硫化钠标准溶液及硫化物标准样品的有效方法。     

温州临江垃圾焚烧发电厂飞灰的性质研究

研究了温州临江垃圾焚烧发电厂生活垃圾焚烧产生飞灰的物理和化学性质。飞灰为含水率低、颗粒尺寸集中在43~175μm之间的灰色粉末,主要由Si、Al、Ca、Mg、Fe、Na、K、C和S元素组成。飞灰中Pb、Cd的浸出浓度在酸性条件下都不同程度地高于我国危险废物鉴别标准的允许浓度,其中Pb的浸出浓度在pH值1.06~13.69条件下远远超标,碱性条件下浸出毒性比酸性条件下小。矿物组成主要为石英(SiO2)、赤铁矿αFe2O3、钙长石CaO.Al2O3.2SiO2、钙铝黄长石2CaO.Al2O3.SiO2、KCl、NaCl、CaCO、PbO、TiO2、ZnCO3等,溶解盐含量高达19.5%,化学反应活性较强,热稳定性较差。