复配超细粉体三相泡沫的制备与稳定性研究

为改善泡沫灭火剂的高温稳定性和抗复燃性能,将石墨粉、膨润土和空心玻璃微珠按一定比例复配加入泡沫灭火剂中制备防灭火三相泡沫,利用自主设计的实验台架,研究其发泡、稳泡及油面热稳定性等主要性能,分析复配超细粉体对泡沫灭火剂稳定性的影响机理。实验证明,复配粉体的加入可使泡沫灭火剂在高温下的稳定时间延长10倍以上,粉体颗粒会在泡沫表面形成一层致密壳层,增强泡沫的隔热阻燃性能,石墨粉的存在使壳层更加致密且增强了泡沫的流动性,但会对泡沫的发泡性能产生较大的影响,当空心玻璃微珠和石墨粉的添加质量比为5∶2时,整体效果较好。     

页岩层理对井壁稳定性影响分析

为了分析页岩的层理和水化损伤对钻井过程中井壁稳定性的影响,开展室内岩石三轴力学试验测试页岩原始状态和钻井液作用不同时间的力学特性;然后基于孔隙弹性理论和岩石弱面强度理论,综合考虑层理产状和水化损伤对页岩强度的影响,建立页岩地层井壁稳定性分析模型。结果表明:层理产状和水化损伤对井壁稳定性有显著的影响,都会导致坍塌压力升高,加剧井壁的不稳定性。综合考虑页岩的层理和水化损伤两个因素分析地层井壁稳定性,对优化不同时段钻井液性能,调整钻井液密度,保证钻井安全有重要意义。     

震源车主动防侧翻预警系统研

为了防止震源车在野外行驶过程中发生侧翻事故,实现对震源车危险状态的提前预警,迫切需要开展震源车主动防侧翻预警系统研究。基于震源车不同工况下的侧倾稳定性分析,结合国内外现有车辆侧翻预警指标特点,采用多级判断原则,建立了一种能综合判断不同行驶工况的震源车侧翻预警指标A和主动防侧翻预警系统,并通过MATLAB/simulink软件对该预警系统进行仿真模拟分析。研究结果表明:震源车侧倾稳定性随转弯速度、转向角、坡度角等参数的增大而呈现降低趋势;同时,该预警系统能通过侧翻预警指标A实现对震源车平路转向和斜坡转向过程中的行驶状态进行准确判断,并发出不同级别的声光报警。此研究将为进一步开展震源车预警系统的试验研究奠定理论基础。     

The application of kinetics based simulation method in thermal risk prediction of coal

Coal spontaneous combustion is one of the major natural disasters faced in coal mines. The accurate prediction of the thermal risk of coal is of great importance. However, there isn't a widely accepted approach to get the oxidation process of coal that under adiabatic condition or in a specific environment under mine at present. To demonstrate whether the advanced kinetics simulation method could be employed to obtain the accurate oxidation process of coal for determining the coal's thermal risk in the mine design phase and mining phase, DSC experiments were conducted by C80 micro-calorimeter to get the heat behavior of coal, based on which the kinetic parameters can be solved and the oxidation process of coal can be predicted.The results showed that the kinetics based simulation method was successfully used to predict the adiabatic temperature rise process of coal for risk prediction. The deviation between the predicted curve and tested curve that obtained by adiabatic test is small enough to be accepted. Kinetics based simulation method is a promising candidate, instead of adiabatic test, to assess the propensity of coal to spontaneous combustion, which can play an important role in the design phase of the mine and mining area. Moreover, through establishing the heat balance equation of residual coal and with the aid of kinetics based simulation method, the oxidation process of coal that in the suffocation zone of the gob was also accurately predicted. According to the index t₇₀ (the time required for coal to reach 70 °C) and v_min (the lower limit of the advancing speed of the working face) obtained from the predicted curve, the thermal risk of coal was predicted to guide the further adjustment of the advancing speed of the working face, the amount of the injected mud and the determination that whether to add other fire prevention measures. Kinetics based simulation method, be of great practical importance in risk prediction of coal that in the gob, can be also used as a convenient tool to guide the safe production in the actual mining process.     

Foundations of Resilience Thinking

Through 3 broad and interconnected streams of thought, resilience thinking has influenced the science of ecology and natural resource management by generating new multidisciplinary approaches to environmental problem solving. Resilience science, adaptive management (AM), and ecological policy design (EPD) contributed to an internationally unified paradigm built around the realization that change is inevitable and that science and management must approach the world with this assumption, rather than one of stability. Resilience thinking treats actions as experiments to be learned from, rather than intellectual propositions to be defended or mistakes to be ignored. It asks what is novel and innovative and strives to capture the overall behavior of a system, rather than seeking static, precise outcomes from discrete action steps. Understanding the foundations of resilience thinking is an important building block for developing more holistic and adaptive approaches to conservation. We conducted a comprehensive review of the history of resilience thinking because resilience thinking provides a working context upon which more effective, synergistic, and systems‐based conservation action can be taken in light of rapid and unpredictable change. Together, resilience science, AM, and EPD bridge the gaps between systems analysis, ecology, and resource management to provide an interdisciplinary approach to solving wicked problems. Fundamentos del Pensamiento sobre Resiliencia     

非饱和土边坡三维稳定性分析方法及考例

为了同时考虑边坡的饱和状态和三维尺度,根据非饱和土Barcelona模型进行了三维有限元数值模拟,确定了非饱和土边坡的应力位移分布。结合稳定性分析理论,将吸力对强度的贡献嵌入安全系数公式中,研究了非饱和土边坡的三维稳定性分析方法,并通过标准算例边坡的稳定性分析,确定了吸力对安全系数的贡献,并证明了该方法能够很好地退化到常规稳定性分析。     

堤防水泥土搅拌桩复合地基稳定分析及应用研究

提出将水泥搅拌桩运用于堤防工程的地基加固,以提高堤防工程的稳定性。分析了水泥搅拌桩的作用机理和水泥土搅拌桩复合地基承载特点,采用面积加权法计算复合土层的抗剪强度,在此基础上进行了复合地基堤防整体稳定计算。结合某河道整治工程实例,探讨了堤防地基水泥搅拌桩的加固效果,评价了不同工况下堤防的稳定性。研究表明,采用水泥搅拌桩加固堤防地基,可以有效提高地基的承载力和堤防的稳定性,且施工快捷,运用效果较好,可为类似工程提供参考。     

地面堆载对埋地管道的安全影响分析

为了分析地面堆载对埋地管道安全性的影响,以非线性接触模型为基础,应用ANSYS有限元软件,建立了地面堆载作用下的三维管土相互 作用模型。通过求解模型,探讨了地面堆载的大小、作用位置以及作用尺寸对埋地管道位移、应力和椭圆度的影响。结果表明:管道的应力和 椭圆度随着堆载大小的增大呈线性增大;垂直作用于管道正上方的堆载对管道的强度和稳定性影响较大;当作用应力不变时,与长度相比,堆 载宽度的变化对管道的影响更显著,而当总作用力不变时,增大堆载长度和宽度均可有效降低其对管道安全性的影响。预期研究结果可以为解 决油气管道建设中的安全防护问题提供一定的技术支持。     

丙烷/空气拉伸火焰传播稳定性实验研究

为了揭示空气中丙烷火焰传播特性,利用纹影系统记录了预混气体小能量点火条件下火焰形成与传播过程,得到了火焰表面的微观结构特征,分析了混合气体火焰的稳定性及其影响因素。结果表明:丙烷/空气混合物火焰发展过程及其表面微观特征与浓度直接相关;当混合物浓度接近爆炸上下限时,火焰扩展速率整体不大于0.5 m/s,燃烧区域向上漂浮,浮力成为影响火焰失稳的主导因素;当混合物浓度靠理论配比时,火焰呈规则球形扩展,火焰稳定性按照先减弱后增强的趋势发展,火焰表面褶皱的形成及演化规律是热扩散不稳定性和流体力学不稳定性共存与竞争的作用结果。     

白云母/硅微粉疏水改性对三相泡沫热稳定性的影响

为了制备高热稳定性的三相泡沫,对白云母/硅微粉疏水改性。采用十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷(HTEOS)为改性剂,以接触角、粒度分析、FTIR为表征。在合成蛋白泡沫中按比例添加粉体制备三相泡沫,以自主设计可视化油池进行热稳定性试验并与两相泡沫对比。结果表明:改性白云母的性质为“两亲”,改性硅微粉表现为疏水;三相泡沫热稳定性高于两相泡沫,三相泡沫中,利用改性白云母制备的三相泡沫热稳定性最优,覆盖至破灭时间为1 905 s,而改性硅微粉制备的三相泡沫热稳定性不足,覆盖至破灭时间仅为983 s。