间二异丙苯一次氧化产物失控反应特性研究

间二异丙苯与空气发生一次氧化反应,是间二异丙苯氧化法制备间苯二酚的关键技术,采用DSC差式扫描量热仪和VSP2绝热量热仪等,研究间二异丙苯与空气反应生成一次氧化产物的热稳定性和绝热失控特性。结果显示:间二异丙苯与空气反应生成一次氧化产物的起始放热温度(T0)为129℃,绝热温升(ΔT ad)为222℃,最高失控压力(P max)为4.05 MPa,最大反应速率到达时间为24 h对应的温度(T D24)为49.6℃。在工业化实施时应优化工艺流程,在操作过程中严格控制反应温度,优化操作条件,以保证安全生产。     

老化对钴铈基催化剂催化氧化丙烷的影响

采用柠檬酸络合法合成Co-CeO_x多活性中心催化剂,在不同温度进行加速老化处理,测试新鲜和老化后催化剂对丙烷的催化氧化性能,同时对其结构和性质进行表征.结果表明,当加速老化温度低于650℃时,丙烷转化率达50%的温度变化幅度小于10℃;加速老化温度高于750℃时,催化剂氧化丙烷的性能快速下降.表征结果显示,Co-CeO_x催化剂主要表现为尖晶石结构,老化后晶粒尺寸显著增大,Co³⁺的含量减少,氢还原峰温度升高.加速老化处理对Co-CeO_x催化剂物理结构的影响进而抑制了其化学特性及催化活性.测试Co-CeO_x催化剂对丙酮和甲苯的催化氧化性能,分别在179和244℃达到90%的脱除效率.因此,Co-CeO_x多活性中心催化剂具有良好的氧化性能,且表现出一定的稳定性.     

高岭土和蒙脱土存在下nC60纳米颗粒稳定性研究

通过沉降实验研究了不同浓度高岭土和蒙脱土分别对富勒烯纳米颗粒（nC₆₀）稳定性的影响,利用沉降模型并结合zeta电位、粒径、SEM、TEM进行原因分析.单体系中nC₆₀的稳定性好,高岭土胶体稳定性差且随浓度增加而降低,蒙脱土胶体稳定性好且与浓度无明显关系.整体上,高岭土和蒙脱土可以降低nC₆₀的稳定性.随着高岭土浓度增加,nC₆₀稳定性显著降低;而蒙脱土对nC₆₀稳定性降低较小且与浓度无明显关系.结果表明,nC₆₀的稳定性由黏土控制,两种黏土在结构和比表面积上的差异,使它们对nC₆₀稳定性影响不同.模型分析表明,一阶沉降模型和修正的一阶沉降模型分别适用于高岭土和蒙脱土参与的胶体沉降过程.该研究可为评估nC₆₀对地下水环境的影响提供重要参考.     

调压室胸墙稳定性分析与加固措施研究

调压室是水电站压力水道系统中的一项重要建筑物,其结构稳定性直接影响到下游电站的安全稳定运行,工程上一般采用薄壁圆柱筒法求其应力状态。本文针对湖北某已建水电站调压室胸墙由于下游支撑较弱,闸门胸墙变形及拉应力较大等问题。在考虑外围基岩、胸墙下部沥青杉木板弹性支撑和初始地应力场的基础上,采用数值方法对调压室及其外围基岩进行了整体稳定性分析、现有配筋校核和加固措施研究。结果表明,应将最高涌浪水位作为该调压室加固的控制工况。提出了相应的加筑肋墙或圈梁的加固方案,并从避免胸墙变形过大以保证闸门顺利启闭、降低局部应力集中以减缓混凝土破损等角度出发,对加固后的效果进行了分析讨论。通过对比分析,建议采取H型钢圈梁的加固方案,该方案不仅避免了对原结构的较大改动,还保证了下游厂房的稳定运行和自身结构安全。计算成果为工程项目的加固实施提供了技术依据,同时也为类似工程建设提供了借鉴。     

A review on transient stability of DFIG integrated power system

With the increasing penetration of doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs), the impact of the DFIG on transient stability attracts great attention. Transient stability is largely dominated by generator types in the power system, and the dynamic characteristics of DFIG wind turbines are different from that of the synchronous generators in the conventional power plants. The analysis of the transient stability on DFIG integrated power systems has become a very important issue. This paper reviews the current research on the issue from two aspects. One is to describe the methods to improve the fault ride through capability of DFIG wind turbines and the other is to analyse the impact of the DFIG wind farm on transient stability of power systems.     

Co-processing of DVDs and CDs with vegetable cooking oil by thermal degradation

Waste DVDs and CDs were thermally degraded at 450°C by a semibatch process. In total, 40–50 wt% was converted into liquid product that consisted of phenol derivatives (∼75 wt%), bisphenol (∼10 wt%) and its derivatives, and small amounts of aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, dimethylbenzene, methylethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, and methylisopropyl benzene. Degradation of the polycarbonate support from DVDs and CDs was enhanced by coprocessing with vegetable cooking oil, the degradation of which gave a homologue series of hydrocarbons and organic acids with up to 25 and 18 atoms of carbon, respectively. Silver from the reflective coating on DVDs and CDs remained in the solid residue, its concentration increasing about 2.5 times compared to that of the original disks.     

Investigations on the Packed Bed for High-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage

Modeling and experimental studies were performed on a packed bed for high-temperature energy storage using Zirconium oxide pellets as the storage material. This is an advanced ceramic material that can withstand corrosion and high temperatures. Model predictions compare favorably with experimental results. Zirconium oxide demonstrated great potential as thermal energy storage material. More energy was recovered from the bed in the opposite direction than in the direction used during storage. The gas inlet temperature to the bed showed dominant influence on the uncertainty in the model predictions, implying that special attention should be paid to the measurement of this temperature.     

Cause analysis of the fire and explosion during crude oil desulfurization in China

A serious fire and explosion accident that resulted in massive crude oil leakage and severe environmental pollution occurred on 16 July, 2010, in Dalian Port, China. To investigate the root cause of accident and conduct a wide-range investigation, desulfurizing agent JH02, which has a similar ingredient to the desulfurizing agent HD used in Dalian Port, and TS02 were employed in this study to determine the role of desulfurizing agents in the accident. The thermal behavior of crude oil, desulfurizing agents, and their mixtures was measured by using a C80 calorimeter. By using the calorimetric data, the kinetic parameters of the chemical reaction, such as activation energy, pre-exponential factor, and self-accelerating decomposition temperature of crude oil, as well as JH02, TS02, and their mixtures, were calculated and compared. The results indicated that the direct cause of the accident was the thermal runaway initiated by the increasing instability of the crude oil–desulfurizing agent mixture. Excess pressure in the oil pipeline triggered the physical explosion, but it alone was not enough to cause a serious damage. Furthermore, a stable desulfurizing agent such as TS02 could not ensure a safe desulfurizing process. The results of this study would benefit the safety management of desulfurizing processes during production and storage.     

导热性能对浸油沙层闪点、燃点的影响研究

研究了浸油沙层的导热性能对浸油沙层闪点和燃点的影响。选用柴油作为燃料液体,铜粉和沙子的混合物代表沙层,浸油沙层的导热系数由混合物中的沙子和铜粉比例控制。实验结果表明,浸油沙层的导热性能对其着火特性有重要影响。不加铜粉时,存在一个使混合物的闪点与燃点最小的沙油质量比。随着铜粉添加量的增加,闪点与燃点的最小值点逐渐消失。这可能是加入细铜粉使混合物的表面平整造成的。在最小点后,随铜粉添加量的增加,也就是随混合物的导热性能的改善,混合物的闪点与燃点增大。但当沙子与铜粉的质量比达到1：1时,闪点与燃点随沙油质量比的变化出现了一个最大值,之后闪点和燃点随沙油质量比的增加而降低。这些现象的出现可能是导热能力、毛细现象和混合物内部的空隙三者共同作用的结果。     

Handgrip and Box Tilting Strategies in Handling: Effect on Stability and Trunk and Knee Efforts

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of four handgrip/box tilting strategies (right, left, backward, and no tilt of the box) on trunk and knee efforts, body posture, and the stability of 14 participants with limited experience in handling. The tasks consisted of transferring a low-lying box placed in front of the participant to a shelf of the same height at the participant’s left. It was hypothesized that tilting the box could reduce trunk and knee efforts as well as body asymmetry and improve stability. A tridimensional dynamic rigid body model was used to estimate the triaxial net muscular moment magnitudes at the trunk (L5/SI) and at the knees. An approach to quantify the participants’ dynamic stability was also included. Finally, five angles were computed to characterize body asymmetries. The results showed that tilting the box affected specific trunk efforts, but did not succeed in reducing trunk asymmetric efforts. However, the tilts were executed in a single direction, and it may be possible that combined tilts of the box could help reduce trunk asymmetric efforts. Tilting the box had little effect on knee loadings, and the left tilt strategy reduced participants’ stability. This study showed the importance of considering the position of the box when assessing the risks encountered in asymmetrical handling.