Structural perturbations of models used in mathematical biology

The paper discusses the importance of understanding structural perturbations of models used in mathematical biology, where we mainly focus on ecology and dynamical systems. We describe first briefly the classical modeling strategy and the derivation of model structures. Structural perturbations are then discussed, mainly in the framework of ODEs. We give some examples how insights obtained from this type of model could be transfered to other kinds of models. Finally we propose an alternative modeling strategy characterized by a systematic investigation of a models neighbourhood in an appropriately chosen model class.     

Effect of Al2O3 doping on the structure and performance of an Al2O3/Fe2O3 catalyst for mercury oxidation

In this study,the thermal stability of a Fe_2 O_3 catalyst for mercury oxidation was significantly improved by doping with Al_2 O_3.After 1 hr,the catalyst doped with 10 wt.% Al_2 O_3 still exhibited a mercury conversion efficiency of 70.9%,while the undoped sample even lost its catalytic activity.Doping with Al_2 O_3 retarded the collapse of the catalyst mesoporous structure during high-temperature calcination,and the doped samples maintained a higher specific surface area,smaller pore size,and narrower pore size distribution.Transmission electron microscope images revealed that after calcination at 350℃,the average size of the catalyst grains in Fe_2 O_3 was 23.4 nm;however,the corresponding values for 1%Al_2 O_3/Fe_2 O_3,3%Al_2 O_3/Fe_2 O_3,and 10%Al_2 O_3/Fe_2 O_3 were only 13.3,7.1,and 4.7 nm,respectively.Results obtained from X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry coupled with differential scanning calorimetry confirmed that doping with Al_2 O_3 also retards the crystallization of the catalysts at high temperature,constraining catalyst grains to a smaller size.     

北京地区不同类型降水对气溶胶粒子的影响

利用2013~2015年大气成分与气象观测资料,分析了北京地区不同类型降水对气溶胶粒子的影响,结果表明：随着降水强度增大,PM₁₀、PM_2.5、PM₁浓度下降的时次比例、浓度下降比例均增大,PM₁₀下降幅度大于PM_2.5和PM₁;不同类型降水对气溶胶浓度影响不同,对流性降水中大气运动剧烈,对3种颗粒物都有快速而显著的清除效果;稳定性降水细分为3类,显著冷空气型的冷空气垂直下沉运动和降水湿清除可使粒子浓度缓慢下降,无显著冷空气但有颗粒物传输型的降水过程对气溶胶粒子的湿沉降效果有限,无显著冷空气无传输型气溶胶粒子吸湿增长可能导致粒子浓度不会下降;降雪或雨夹雪过程中随着降雪强度增大,气溶胶粒子浓度下降比例增大,但下降时次比例呈指数或者对数变化.雨雪相态转换的降水过程更为复杂,除了上述因素之外,还需考虑雨雪相态转变带来的水滴（雪）粒径、降水粒子对周边气流的动力拖曳作用的变化、冷空气下沉运动对流型的改变.     

腐殖酸作用下酸性多孔介质中纳米TiO2的迁移与滞留机制

探讨了富里酸（FA）和胡敏酸（HA）存在条件下饱和石英砂填充柱中纳米二氧化钛（nTiO₂）的迁移和滞留机制.结果表明,pH 4.0条件下,不存在FA和HA时,nTiO₂不发生迁移;FA和HA吸附到nTiO₂表面,改变nTiO₂电动性质,促进其在饱和多孔介质柱中迁移.随着FA和HA浓度由1mg/L升高至10mg/L,nTiO₂的流出率（填充柱流出液与进液中nTiO₂总量的比值）分别由0.01和0.88升高至0.91和0.94;相同条件下,HA在nTiO₂表面的吸附量比FA大,对nTiO₂迁移性的促进作用也更大.离子抑制nTiO₂的迁移,且CaCl₂影响大于NaCl.相同NaCl浓度,与FA相比,HA作用下nTiO₂的迁移性更强,并且7%~56%的nTiO₂沉降在第二极小势能区,高于FA作用下的4%~17%,更易被重新释放.nTiO₂与石英砂之间的高势垒促进nTiO₂的迁移,而低势垒、第二最小势能、阻塞作用、扩散和重力沉降是nTiO₂滞留的主要原因.     

低层通风量及逆温条件对浙江省空气质量的影响分析

利用高时空分辨率的ERA-Interim资料,结合环保局空气质量监测数据,分析了1000 m以下低层大气扩散能力和大气层结条件对浙江省大气环境质量的可能影响.结果表明：浙江省700 m以下的大气扩散能力对全省大部地区的空气质量有明显影响,部分地区700~1000 m的大气扩散能力对空气质量也有一定的影响.但位于沿海的舟山,仅300 m以下的大气扩散能力对空气质量有显著的影响.将低层大气扩散能力分别与逆温层高度、空气质量做相关性分析,结果显示通过显著性检验的影响区域和影响高度有很好的一致性,说明三者之间存在密切的联系.逆温层高度越低,低层大气扩散能力越弱,空气质量越差,严重污染天气出现时常常伴随着强度较强或贴近地面的逆温发生.浙江省大气层结大部分时间处于中性状态,当大气层结转为较稳定时,污染物不易扩散稀释,空气污染较易发生.     

杀藻细菌色素Deinoxanthin的理化性质及其制剂研发

塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)是一种有毒甲藻,常引发赤潮,对海洋环境及人类健康造成极大的威胁.前期研究发现,耐辐射球菌属的一株细菌Y35能够通过分泌杀藻化合物Deinoxanthin达到控制塔玛亚历山大藻生长的效果.为了加强Deinoxanthin的应用效果,对其在不同条件下的稳定性进行了研究.结果表明,杀藻化合物Deinoxanthin有较高的热稳定性,且在中性和碱性条件下稳定,在光照和紫外线辐射下易分解.而通过壳聚糖和海藻酸钠对Deinoxanthin进行包埋固定化,从而构建缓释微球提高了Deinoxanthin的稳定性.杀藻制剂能够高效地表现出杀藻效果,杀藻制剂的研发为杀藻细菌色素应用于藻华治理奠定了基础.     

地震和降雨作用的矿山排土场稳定性分析

为了研究不同工况对矿山排土场边坡稳定性的影响,在调查分析排土场工程地质特征、散体和地基土物理力学性质、结构特征和稳定性影响因素的基础上,运用极限平衡法对排土场在正常运行、地震、连续降雨3种工况下的稳定性进行了分析。研究表明:3种工况下排土场均处于稳定状态,但在地震条件下排土场边坡稳定安全系数储备较低,可能发生浅层滑坡,对坡脚下部的高压线铁塔和铁路线构成威胁,提出了修筑防滚石挡墙,做好排土场安全监测、排水、日常安全管理工作等对策措施。     

某尾矿坝子坝稳定性及加固效果分析

以某尾矿坝为工程背景,根据现场工程地质勘探所获得地质资料及拟加高扩容初步设计资料等,建立三维尾矿坝的数值仿真模型。在此基础上,针对最终设计坝顶标高+260 m(高160 m)情况采用FLAC3D软件中强度折减法求解了坝体子坝边坡安全系数,并确定了潜在滑裂面的位置。根据潜在滑裂面的位置选择土工格栅加固子坝,并通过对加固前后位移场、应力场以及剪切应变增量区的对比分析,表明所采取的加固措施是可行的。     

Physicochemical regeneration of high silica zeolite Y used to clean-up water polluted with sulfonamide antibiotics

High silica zeolite Y has been positively evaluated to clean-up water polluted with sulfonamides, an antibiotic family which is known to be involved in the antibiotic resistance evolution. To define possible strategies for the exhausted zeolite regeneration,the efficacy of some chemico-physical treatments on the zeolite loaded with four different sulfonamides was evaluated. The evolution of photolysis, Fenton-like reaction, thermal treatments, and solvent extractions and the occurrence in the zeolite pores of organic residues eventually entrapped was elucidated by a combined thermogravimetric(TGA–DTA), diffractometric(XRPD), and spectroscopic(FT-IR) approach. The chemical processes were not able to remove the organic guest from zeolite pores and a limited transformation on embedded molecules was observed. On the contrary, both thermal treatment and solvent extraction succeeded in the regeneration of the zeolite loaded from deionized and natural fresh water. The recyclability of regenerated zeolite was evaluated over several adsorption/regeneration cycles, due to the treatment efficacy and its stability as well as the ability to regain the structural features of the unloaded material.     

Fate of mercury in flue gas desulfurization gypsum determined by Temperature Programmed Decomposition and Sequential Chemical Extraction

A considerable amount of Hg is retained in flue gas desulfurization(FGD) gypsum from Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization(WFGD) systems. For this reason, it is important to determine the species of Hg in FGD gypsum not only to understand the mechanism of Hg removal by WFGD systems but also to determine the final fate of Hg when FGD gypsum is disposed. In this study, Temperature Programmed Decomposition(TPD) and Sequential Chemical Extraction(SCE) were applied to FGD gypsum to identify the Hg species in it. The FGD gypsum samples were collected from seven coal-fired power plants in China, with Hg concentrations ranging from 0.19 to 3.27 μg/g. A series of pure Hg compounds were used as reference materials in TPD experiments and the results revealed that the decomposition temperatures of different Hg compounds increase in the order of Hg_2Cl_2 HgCl_2 black HgS Hg_2SO_4 red HgS HgO HgSO_4. The Hg compounds existing in FGD gypsums identified by TPD included HgCl_2, Hg_2Cl_2, Hg_2SO_4, black HgS and red HgS, of which mercury sulfides were the primary compounds. The results of SCE indicated that Hg was mainly distributed in the strongly complexed phase. The low Hg content in FGD gypsum increases the ambiguity of assigning extraction fractions to certain Hg species by SCE. The fact that the primary compounds in FGD gypsum are HgS phases leads the leaching of Hg in the natural environment to be quite low, but a considerable amount of Hg may be released during the industrial heating process.