甲硫醇脱臭菌的分离、分子鉴定及应用

以低浓度甲硫醇臭气的生物降解为研究对象, 从不同的菌源中筛选得到一株能高效降解甲硫醇的菌株.运用16S rDNA的分子鉴定技术,确定筛选菌Jll的16S rDNA序列同芸苔根际菌(Rape rhizosphere)的相似性最大(97%),为同属.筛选菌Jll生长迅速,挂膜时间短.将其接种于生物滴滤反应器中,在甲硫醇进气流量为0.3 m3/h,质量浓度为40　mg/m3,运行仅4 d后,其去除率可逐渐升到100%.当进气流量分别为0.3,0.6和1.2 m3/h时,该反应器对甲硫醇的最大去除能力分别为36.2,41.8和16.4 　mg/(m3·h).反应器进气负荷提高到(96±3)　mg/(m3·h),运行一段时间后,恢复适宜的进气负荷,生物滴滤反应器对甲硫醇的去除率很快回升.这表明菌Jll不但降解能力高,而且抗逆性强.      

生物滴滤-生物过滤组合工艺处理汽车喷漆废气中试研究

采用中试规模的生物滴滤-生物过滤组合工艺设备处理某汽车厂喷漆车间废气,研究了组合式反应器对废气的净化效果和2处理单元对污染组分的去除能力及微生物特性.该汽车厂喷漆车间废气中的主要组分为甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、丁醇、丙酮和甲基丙基甲酮.组合式反应器对废气中的污染物有较好的处理效果,但不同的污染组分在不同处理单元...     

两段生物滤池处理城市污水厂恶臭气体中试研究

采用两段式生物滤池工艺处理山东某城市污水处理厂格栅间和污泥浓缩池散发的恶臭气体,研究了反应器的运行效果、污染物去除特性和微生物特性。该污水处理厂格栅间和污泥浓缩池逸散气体的主要成分为硫化氢、氨以及由甲硫醇、二甲胺、甲醇、丙酮、乙酸、丁酸和苯乙烯等物质组成的挥发性有机化合物。应用两段式生物滤池能够有效地去除这些污染物质,...     

基于甘蔗渣的生物过滤器长期运行研究

用甘蔗渣和蘑菇堆肥作为生物过滤器的填料,去除空气中的甲苯。生物过滤器长期连续运行,在无营养液和pH缓冲剂加入的条件下,研究了生物过滤器中填料含水量和pH的变化以及甲苯去除效率的变化规律,并对填料中的微生物菌属进行了初步鉴定。运行6个月后,填料含水量从56%降到约20%,pH从7.4降至4.5。生物过滤器可以保持4个月的...     

Long-term thermophilic mono-digestion of rendering wastes and co-digestion with potato pulp

In this study, mono-digestion of rendering wastes and co-digestion of rendering wastes with potato pulp were studied for the first time in continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) experiments at 55 °C. Rendering wastes have high protein and lipid contents and are considered good substrates for methane production. However, accumulation of digestion intermediate products viz., volatile fatty acids (VFAs), long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and ammonia nitrogen (NH₄-N and/or free NH₃) can cause process imbalance during the digestion. Mono-digestion of rendering wastes at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.5 kg volatile solids (VS)/m³ d and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 50 d was unstable and resulted in methane yields of 450 dm³/kg VS_fed. On the other hand, co-digestion of rendering wastes with potato pulp (60% wet weight, WW) at the same OLR and HRT improved the process stability and increased methane yields (500–680 dm³/kg VS_fed). Thus, it can be concluded that co-digestion of rendering wastes with potato pulp could improve the process stability and methane yields from these difficult to treat industrial waste materials.     

复合生物滤池处理城市高污染水体

采用中试规模复合生物滤池处理城市高污染水体,考察了滤池的最佳运行参数以及对氮和有机物的去除效果。结果表明:滤池容积负荷宜控制为0.3～0.5 kg COD/(m3.d),水力负荷4.5～5 m3/(m2.d),适宜的通风比为9%,当C/N为5～8时,滤池COD、NH4+-N和TN平均去除率分别为80%、83%和63%,达到高效同步硝化反硝化状态。     

生物滤池处理城市污水工艺中恶臭和微生物气溶胶的填料选择

采用实验室规模的生物滤池对含硫化氢、氨和微生物气溶胶的气体进行处理,并对海绵、陶粒、堆肥和空心塑料小球4种物质作为反应器填料的性能进行比较。结果表明,不同填料生物滤池对硫化氢、氨和微生物气溶胶的去除效率明显不同,去除效率从高到低的顺序依次为海绵、陶粒、堆肥和空心塑料小球生物滤池。海绵和陶粒生物滤池出气异养细菌和真菌主要以小粒径粒子为主。在同样的进气和运行条件下,堆肥填料层的压力降最大,其次是陶粒和空心塑料小球填料层,海绵填料层的压力降最小。对4种填料的性能进行综合比较,海绵和陶粒较适宜作为处理硫化氢、氨和微生物气溶胶的生物滤池填料。     

Evaluation of operational parameters in thermophilic acid fermentation of kitchen waste

In this study, the effect of operational parameters, such as solids retention time (SRT), pH, and substrate total solids (TS) concentration, on acid fermentation efficiency was investigated. From batch tests, it was shown that the appropriate pH range for thermophilic acidogens was around 6–7 and that the optimum pH condition was 6. From the continuous experiment, pH and SRT were shown to be the most important operational parameters for solubilization and organic acid production. In contrast, TS concentration did not show any obvious effect on chromium chemical oxygen demand (CODcr) solubilization when TS was in the range 3.5%–10%. The optimum operational conditions for thermophilic acid fermentation were an SRT of 2 days and a pH of 6. This research was carried as a part of the CREST project of Japan Science and Technology Agency.     

Isolates identification and characteristics of microorganisms in biotrickling filter and biofilter system treating H2S and NH3

A combination system of biotrickling filter （BTF） and biofilter （BF）, adopting surfactant-modified clinoptilolite and surfactant- modified wood chip as the media respectively, was applied to treat H2S and NH3 simultaneously. The identification and sole carbon sources utilization patterns of isolates in the combination system were studied by Biolog system. The isolates were identified as Bacillus sphaericus, Geobacillus themoglucosidasius （55℃） and Micrococcus luteus （ATCC 9341） in BTF, and Aspergillus sydowii （Bainier ＆ Sartory） Thom＆ Church in BE Among 95 substrate classes supplied by Biolog system, the carboxylic acids and methyl esters had the highest utilization extent for the four species, followed by the amino acids and peptides. The descending sequence of carbon sources utilization capability of isolates was A. sydowii （52.6%）, M. luteus （39.5%）, B. sphaericus （21.6%）, and G. thermoglucosidasius （17.7%）.     

Nitrous oxide gas removal by using compost-based biofilter medium

This paper is aimed at introducing our research result in the efficiency in removing nitrous oxide gas (N2O) by using compost as a medium filter,which is actually a kind of manure derived from cow faeces at Kukusan Kelurahan farm containg wood chips and some other microorganisms.Practically speaking,N2O is a major greenhouse gas,whose continuous presence in the atmosphere is expected to last over a 100 years and produce its radiative warming effect just next to CO2.In spite of its rather small concentration in the atmosphere,it is the Number Four largest greenhouse gas contributor to the overall global warming,behind carbon dioxide,methane and water vapour.The biofiltration experiments we have conducted to explore its removing rate of N2O from flue gas help us to find various operating factors in the biofilter system.So far as we know,N2O gas has been fed from the top of the column.It was flowing through the column when it is made to get circulated with a peristaltic pump for 6 hours.The data obtained in our paper prove to be in conformity with the Langmuir adsorption model.The highest N2O gas removing efficiency can be made to be as high as 70.22% at the highest biofilter length of 50 cm with the gas flowing rate of 200 mL/min.The results of this research have finally been modeled by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula with its K value obtained being 16.949 L/mol.