Monitoring and management of streambank erosion and natural revegetation on the lower Gordon River,Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area,Australia

The wash from high-speed tourist cruise launches causes erosion of the formerly stable banks of the lower Gordon River within the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area. Speed and access restrictions on the operation of commercial cruise vessels have considerably slowed, but not halted erosion, which continues on the now destabilized banks. To assess the effectiveness of restrictions, bank erosion and natural revegetation are monitored at 48 sites using erosion pins, survey transects, and vegetation quadrats. The subjectively chosen sites are grouped on the basis of geomorphology and bank materials. The mean measured rate of erosion of estuarine banks slowed from 210 to 19 mm/year with the introduction of a 9 knot speed limit. In areas where cruise vessels continue to operate, alluvial banks were eroded at a mean rate of 11 mm/yr during the three-year period of the current management regime. Very similar alluvial banks no longer subject to commercial cruise boat traffic eroded at the slower mean rate of 3 mm/yr. Sandy levee banks have retreated an estimated maximum 10 m during the last 10–15 years. The mean rate of bank retreat slowed from 112 to 13 mm/yr with the exclusion of cruise vessels from the leveed section of the river. Revegetation of the eroded banks is proceeding slowly; however, since the major bank colonizers are very slow growing tree species, it is likely to be decades until revegetation can contribute substantially to bank stability.     

滇中城市群产业结构与用地结构关联研究

城市群产业结构与用地结构的协调发展有利于提高滇中城市群用地的空间绩效,优化城市群产业结构,提升城市群的整体功能.运用比例变化指数和Granger因果关系方法研究了滇中城市群产业结构和土地利用之间的变化关系：滇中城市群产业结构变化滞后于城市土地结构变化,城市土地结构变化和产业结构变化的差距呈先增加后减少的趋势,即滇中城市群产业结构和土地利用结构由非同步变化逐渐进入同步变化轨迹;短期内,滇中城市群产业结构变化促进了优化土地利用,土地利用变化又反作用于产业结构,但滇中产业结构和用地结构未出现同步变化规律,说明滇中产业结构和土地的因果关系结构要在长期发展才可能实现.     

大房郢水库水质保护和生态修复探讨

针对大房郢水库的自然环境和污染源现状,水库建成后所面临的水质保护和生态修复的复杂繁重的任务,从库区污染源控制、污染物入库输送途中和水库水体本身三个方面所需采取的技术措施,及这些措施的保障体系建设提出了一些看法。     

白龟山水库富营养化与热污染研究（Ⅰ）

对平原浅水型大型水库的富营养化特征和水平作了深入研究,特别对标志富营养化的浮游藻类、浮游动物及底栖动物等作了模拟试验和现场验证,对加速白龟山水库富营养化的诱导因素作了详细探讨。     

Early Vegetation Development on an Exposed Reservoir: Implications for Dam Removal

The 4-year drawdown of Horsetooth Reservoir, Colorado, for dam maintenance, provides a case study analog of vegetation response on sediment that might be exposed from removal of a tall dam. Early vegetation recovery on the exposed reservoir bottom was a combination of (1) vegetation colonization on bare, moist substrates typical of riparian zones and reservoir sediment of shallow dams and (2) a shift in moisture status from mesic to the xeric conditions associated with the pre-impoundment upland position of most of the drawdown zone. Plant communities changed rapidly during the first four years of exposure, but were still substantially different from the background upland plant community. Predictions from the recruitment box model about the locations of Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera (plains cottonwood) seedlings relative to the water surface were qualitatively confirmed with respect to optimum locations. However, the extreme vertical range of water surface elevations produced cottonwood seed regeneration well outside the predicted limits of drawdown rate and height above late summer stage. The establishment and survival of cottonwood at high elevations and the differences between the upland plant community and the community that had developed after four years of exposure suggest that vegetation recovery following tall dam removal will follow a trajectory very different from a simple reversal of the response to dam construction, involving not only long time scales of establishment and growth of upland vegetation, but also possibly decades of persistence of legacy vegetation established during the reservoir to upland transition.     

南京东郊风景区旅游环境容量初步研究

通过对南京东郊风景区的实地考察和问卷调查的统计分析，从旅游者的旅游动机、旅游行为方式等方面论述了旅游环境容量的确定和意义，并提出了调控对策和管理意见。     

锦凌水库施工建设过程中的生态环境保护措施

主要介绍锦凌水库施工建设过程中生态环境保护措施、水土保持措施、移民环保措施、库区清理措施、文物保护措施等,并对每一方面的具体措施进行了阐述。     

大伙房水库水源涵养与生态补偿机制的探讨

对大伙房水库上游3县生态环境、水源涵养、经济现状进行了调查分析,3个县为保护水库水质每年直接经济投入达82052万元。提出了生态环境保护措施和水源涵养生态补偿办法,补偿资金合计53396.53万元/a。     

辽河保护区土壤保持功能时空变化及其影响因素分析

土壤保持是生态系统提供的调节服务之一,在维持生态安全等方面发挥着重要作用。以辽河保护区为研究对象,基于中国土壤流失方程(CSLE)模型和地理探测器等方法,开展土壤保持功能时空变化及影响因素分析。结果表明:2010—2018年辽河保护区土壤以微度和轻度侵蚀为主,土壤侵蚀量呈降低趋势,土壤侵蚀严重的区域主要位于河流两侧及下段;土壤保持功能不断增强,土壤保持量较高的区域集中在河流上段和中段;土壤保持功能表现出随降水量、高程增加先减少后增加,随坡度和植被覆盖度增加而增加的趋势,在林地—耕地—草地—灌木林梯度上呈递减趋势;土地利用类型是影响辽河保护区土壤保持格局的主导因素;土地利用类型为耕地,降水量为657~735 mm,坡度为35°~68°,高程为-73~-26 m,植被覆盖度为0~0.3时,土壤保持能力最低,坡度和土地利用类型的交互作用对土壤保持能力变化的解释力最强。     

广州暖季夜间臭氧增加事件的特征及一次水平输送个例分析

近年来,我国粤港澳大湾区臭氧污染问题日益突出,夜间臭氧浓度呈增长趋势.目前,大部分研究主要关注于白天臭氧的生成过程,而对夜间臭氧浓度不降反升现象的认识明显不足.本研究利用2014—2019年粤港澳大湾区中心城市广州的污染物观测数据,统计了夜间臭氧出现增加(NOE:nocturnal ozone enhancement,定义为夜间20:00—6:00臭氧相邻时刻增加量大于5×10^-9 (Part per billion,下同))的频率、出现时间、峰值浓度,结合ERA5再分析数据和常规气象观测数据分析了NOE事件的潜在成因及垂直和水平输送的相对贡献大小.结果表明,广州暖季(4—11月)夜间出现NOE事件的年平均天数为(59±11) d,主要发生于23:00—3:00.NOE事件造成的夜间峰值浓度可达到(33±10)×10^-9,明显高于不出现夜间臭氧增加(NNOE:non-enhanced nocturnal ozone,定义为夜间20:00—6:00臭氧相邻时刻增加量均小于1×10^-9)时的浓度((16±12)×10