Reductions in non-point source pollution through different management practices for an agricultural watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

Non-point source water pollution generated by agricultural production is considered a major environmental issue in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA) of China.The Annualised Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution(AnnAGNPS) model was selected to assess the impact of the application of various management treats,including seven crops,five fertilizer levels and three-group management practice scenarios,on water quality from Heigou River Watershed in TGRA.The scenario subsets include conservation tillage practice(CTP),conservation reserve program(CRP) and conversion of cropland into forestland program(CCFP).Results indicated that tea can not be replaced by other crops because comparatively tea resulted in a higher sediment yield.CTP with no-tillage was more effective to reduce sediment yield,but could increased nutrient loss.CRP reduced sediment yield significantly,but slightly benefited on nutrient loss.CCFP reduced not only sediment yield but also the nutrient loss significantly.The conversion of cropland with a slope greater than 10 ° into forestland was found to be the best scenario as the sediment yield export is less than 5 tons/ha and nutrient loss is within the permissible limit.     

乌昌石都市圈城市空间发展对NO2浓度时空变化的影响

为探究城市空间发展对天山北坡经济带重心乌昌石都市圈NO₂污染的影响,利用多源遥感数据对乌昌石都市圈NO₂排放量时空变化进行研究。结果表明：基于2006—2020年OMI遥感数据,按全疆NO₂平均排放量大小进行划分后发现,新疆地区NO₂低污染区为和田等小城市,较低污染区为喀什及哈密等地区,中污染区在其中西部地区,次高污染区出现在天山南坡中等城市巴音郭楞蒙古自治州中部,高污染区在乌昌石都市圈。在空间格局上,城镇用地与建设用地以乌鲁木齐市五大城区为中心,以昌吉回族自治州昌吉市、阜康市及石河子市城区为副中心不断增长。乌昌石都市圈城市化进程加快,距离城区越近NO₂浓度越高,对其周围环境的污染程度越高。乌昌石都市圈2次疫情防控时,NO₂浓度下降幅度最大。对新型冠状病毒感染疫情防控前后（2019—2021年)乌昌石都市圈潜在源贡献因子（PSCF）及浓度权重轨迹（CWT）进行分析,结果表明主要潜在源区为乌鲁木齐本地区域以及昌吉回族自治州西南部邻近城市。

     

三峡库区黑沟小流域非点源污染物输出的动态变化

农业施肥水平和耕作方式等流域管理措施影响非点源污染物的输出.选择三峡库区黑沟小流域60种管理措施组合,即5种化肥施用水平(FL1-现用量、FL2-70%现用量、FL3-推荐用量、FL4-70%推荐用量、FL5-30%推荐用量)、4类耕作方式(CT-传统耕作、NT-免中耕、CS-等高种植、RC-留茬覆盖)和3种年降雨模式...     

三峡水库蓄水后不同水位期干流氮、磷时空分异特征

研究三峡水库蓄水前后营养盐的变化,对于探讨水库运行对其的影响并提出合理的管理建议具有重要意义.依据2008年3月～2009年2月对长江干流三峡区段朱沱、寸滩、扇沱、清溪场、晒网坝、培石,共6个断面和其中1个垂直断面逐月水文、水质监测,按照三峡水库运行的水位特点,将数据样本分成高水位(10～2月)和低水位(3～9月)2个...     

模拟三峡库区消落带土壤有机磷酸酯淹水释放特征

本研究以三峡库区消落带典型土壤作为研究对象,通过室内模拟实验,探讨了有机磷酸酯(OPEs)的含量、环境温度、土壤有机质含量、微生物因素的变化对土壤中常见OPEs单体迁移释放的影响.结果表明,土壤中OPEs含量越低,其迁移释放量越低;有机质含量升高,土壤向上覆水释放的OPEs减少,预示土壤添加有机质后对OPEs的释放产生了一定的抑制作用,有机质对OPEs的吸附起主要作用,但当有机质含量(以干重计)高于30 g·kg~(-1)时,对OPEs释放的抑制作用并未显著增强;在环境温度为27℃时,三类OPEs的平均释放量为1 077. 3 ng·m L~(-1),高于7℃的释放量,说明高温对OPEs的释放起促进作用.微生物对其作用并不明显.氯类的OPEs包括磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯(TCEP)、磷酸三(1-氯-2-丙基)酯(TCPP)和磷酸三(1,3-二氯异丙基)酯(TDCP)为最主要的释放单体,主要原因可能是氯类OPEs的辛醇水分配系数(Kow值)和有机碳分配系数(Koc值)比烷烃类和芳烃类OPEs低,更易溶于水体,不易被土壤中的有机质吸附,因此氯类OPEs更易从土壤中迁移释放到上覆水中,成为三峡库区上覆水中主要的OPEs单体.     

春季敏感时期三峡水库典型支流沉积物-水界面氮释放特性

为研究春季敏感时期三峡水库典型支流沉积物-水界面氮释放特性,于2016年4月采集香溪河库湾上覆水和沉积物样品,分析香溪河库湾沉积物-水系统不同氮形态营养盐浓度的分布特征,计算沉积物-水界面不同氮形态的扩散通量并与环境因子进行相关性分析.结果表明,香溪河库湾上覆水和沉积物间隙水中ρ(TN)的变化范围分别为1.10~6.90 mg·L-1和6.19~32.57 mg·L-1;上覆水和沉积物间隙水中氮质量浓度在沿程和垂向上有一定的变化规律:各采样点上覆水中氮质量浓度在沿程和垂向上没有明显的变化趋势,上游区域的沉积物间隙水中氮质量浓度明显大于下游区域,沉积物间隙水ρ(NH_4~+-N)明显大于上覆水,沉积物间隙水ρ(NO-3-N)略小于上覆水;香溪河沉积物总体上表现为NH_4~+-N的"源",NO-3-N的"汇";NH_4~+-N的扩散通量范围为2.70~4.72 mg·(m2·d)-1;NO-3-N的释放通量范围为-1.61~-0.62 mg·(m2·d)-1;香溪河库湾沉积物氮主要以铵态氮的形态存在:沉积物中ρ(NH_4~+-N)范围为69.97~1 185.97 mg·kg-1,ρ(NO-3-N)范围为2.78~38.17mg·kg-1,沉积物ρ(NH_4~+-N)与沉积物间隙水ρ(NH_4~+-N)在表层0~8 cm的变化趋势一致.     

Water level fluctuations influence microbial communities and mercury methylation in soils in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China

Reservoirs tend to have enhanced methylmercury(MeHg) concentrations compared to natural lakes and rivers, and water level fluctuations can promote MeHg production. Until now, little research has been conducted on the effects of microorganisms in soils for the formation of MeHg during different drying and flooding alternating conditions in the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR). This study aimed to understand how water level fluctuations affect soil microbial composition and mercury concentrations, and if such microbial variations are related to Hg methylation. The results showed that MeHg concentrations and the ratios of MeHg to THg(MeHg%) in soils were higher in the seasonally drying and flooding alternating areas(DFAs, 175–155 m) than those in the non-inundated(NIAs, 175 m) and inundated areas(IAs, 145 m). However, MeHg% in all samples was less than 1%, indicating that the Hg methylation activity in the soils of the TGR was under a low level. 454 highthroughput sequencing of 16 S rRNA gene amplicons showed that soil bacterial abundance and diversity were relatively higher in DFA compared to those in NIA and IA, and microbial community composition varied in these three areas. At the family level, those groups in Deltaproteobacteria and Methanomicrobia that might have many Hg methylators were also showed a higher relative abundance in DFA, which might be the reason for the higher MeHg production in these areas. Overall, our results suggested that seasonally water level fluctuations can enhance the microbial abundance and diversity, as well as MeHg production in the TGR.     

铁岭市柴河水源供水工程对柴河水库功能影响研究

本文对供水工程实施后对水库功能的环境影响进行了分析,提出了相应的环境保护对策,对柴河水库水质的保护起到了一定的积极作用。     

碳青霉烯系列医药中间体生产废水治理技术应用研究

采用“气浮＋三效蒸发＋Ic＋CASS＋BAF”工艺处理碳青霉烯系列医药中间体生产废水。总处理水量为84t／d：进水水质：COD：58650mg／L、氨氮：203mg／L、盐分：106000mg／L。经该工艺处理后,废水中的COD、氨氮、盐分等指标均能迭标排放。     

建立“施工期“三同时”环境保护措施建设”环境监理制度的分析研究

论文提出了项目施工期过程中必须对该项目正常生产后的环境保护设施("三同时"环保措施)安装建设必须实行环境监理;并主要从两方面对项目建设施工期实施环境监理制度的必要性作了阐述,一是从制度建设、减少环境风险、环保设施竣工验收等三方面论述了建立施工期环境监理的必要性;二是建立后从制度合法化、第三面咨询认证、检查机制、奖惩制度等四方面推进制度的实施;表明了建立良好的施工期环境监理有助于项目建设全过程管理、提高环境监管水平和促进生态文明建设。