江南Z市农村饮水有机污染物健康风险评估

应用化学法及吹扫捕集、气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS),检测Z市农村不同类型饮用水与癌症相关的有机污染物,对污染物的剂量与癌症标化死亡率进行Spearman等级相关分析。该市河水、池塘水、浅井水中部分样品的COD_Mn、BOD₅和NH₃-N指标超过地表水环境质量Ⅲ类标准,微生物指标超过生活饮用水卫生标准,检出NH₃-N及NO₃-N、NO₂-N合成致癌物NAD的2类前体物及NDMA等直接致癌物。Z市农村河水、池塘水、浅井水主要受生活排污和农业生产污染,不宜作生活饮用水。不同类型饮用水有机污染物丰水期高于枯水期(P值均小于0.05)。癌症标化死亡率与不同类型饮用水有机污染浓度呈等级正相关(P值均小于0.05),与NO₂-N、NDMA、NDEA含量呈剂量-效应关系。直接饮用污染的地表水是造成该市农村癌症高发聚集分布的主要原因之一。     

阿坝州室内氡及子体水平与肺癌患病率关系的研究

本文报道了四川省阿坝州高原山区各县室内氧及子体浓度,并对阿坝州各县肺癌患病进行了流调。全州室内氧浓度范围值0.5～374.1Bqm~(_3)X:22.7Bqm~(-3);Xg:16.3Bqm~(-3),子体浓度范围值0.32～87.6mwl;X:6.0mwl;Xg:3.94mwl。研究表明:肺癌患病率与氡浓度有相关关系,r=0.6,p<0.01。     

江西某地"癌症高发区"地质环境现状及评价

江西某地“癌症高发区”的报道引起了社会的广泛关注。通过对该地土壤、水体、降尘地质环境调查评价,认为调查区土壤环境质量较好,为清洁区,仅镍元素达轻度污染级。地下水质量为较差级,外围为优良级。饮用水源地水质综合评价为较差级,有机氯农药检出2项,多环芳烃检出10项,萘达到轻度污染级。区域地质、水文地质背景不具特殊性,土壤、水体地质环境与周边南昌地区无明显异常,是否与癌症发病有直接的关系,尚需作进一步的调查研究工作。降尘污染较为严重,污染因子主要为镉,应引起重视。     

Prenatal detection of non-cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma

The most prevalent soft tissue tumour in children is rhabdomyosarcoma. These tumours may develop within or outside of muscle anywhere in the body and at any age. We report what is apparently the earliest case of non-cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma detected prenatally.     

氟化物与癌症相关性研究进展

为了探索氟化物与癌症的相关性及其机理,国内外许多研究机构分别从氟化物对癌的诱发作用、流行病学调查和相关性研究以及促进致癌作用等方面进行了长期的研究.结果表明:在一定的条件下,氟化物对肝癌、纤维肉瘤、肿瘤性转化等方面具有诱发作用,与口腔癌、咽癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、肝胆管癌、排泄器官癌、男性骨癌、泌尿系癌、淋巴造血系癌、肺癌、膀胱癌等的发生密切相关,在肿瘤发生过程中,也具有某种促进作用.     

某化工企业1971～2000年职工恶性肿瘤死亡情况的动态分析

对以天然气、食盐为原料生产基础化工产品的综合性化工企业的职工调查显示,恶性肿瘤已成为该企业职工死亡的主要原因之一,总死亡率为1.44‰,与当地对照有显著性,尤以肺癌、肝癌、食道癌为主.动态观察显示,职工恶性肿瘤死亡率从1971～的0.41‰上升为1996～的1.93‰,总体呈现逐年上升的趋势.1991～以来的男、女职工死亡性比率为1.90∶1,两者差异非常显著,目前3位死因都有统计学意义.这说明恶性肿瘤对该企业职工,特别是男性职工的生命健康威胁越来越大,应成为今后卫生工作的重点之一.     

Evaluation of the validity of the US EPA's cancer risk assessment of arsenic for low-level exposures: a likelihood ratio approach

Skin cancers associated with ingesting of arsenic have been documented since the 19th century. A study in the southwestern coastal area of Taiwan where people drank well water containing arsenic is generally recognised as providing the best data available for quantifying the risk, and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) used these data to conduct a risk assessment of arsenic ingestion. However, the lowest exposure category in the Taiwan study included arsenic levels up to 290 µg L^–1, which is nearly six times higher than the current EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL), 50 µg L^–1. Therefore, the EPA risk assessment model extrapolated data on high-level exposures to generate risk estimates for low-level exposures. To evaluate the validity of this model, we conducted a quantitative review of epidemiological studies observing arsenic exposures below 290 µg L^–1. A ratio of the likelihood of the EPA model being inappropriate to that of it being appropriate was calculated for each study population as a measurement of the validity of the EPA model. Although existing human data on low-level exposures are limited, the review suggested that the EPA model is unlikely to be able to predict the risk of skin cancer accurately when the arsenic exposure level is between 170 and 270 µg L^–1.     

Human risk assessment of As,Cd, Cu and Zn in the abandoned metal mine site

The cancer risk and the non-cancer hazard index for inhabitants exposed to As, Cd, Cu and Zn in the soils and stream waters of the abandoned Songcheon Au–Ag mine area were evaluated. Mean concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in agricultural soils were 230, 2.5, 120, 160, and 164 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. Mean concentrations of As, Cd and Zn of the water in the stream where drinking water was drawn was 246 μg L⁻¹, 161 μg L⁻¹ and 3899 μg L⁻¹, respectively. These levels are significantly higher than the permissible levels for drinking water quality recommended by Korea and WHO. The resulting human health risks to farmers who inhabited the surrounding areas due to drinking water were summarized as follows: (1) the non-cancer health hazard indices showed that the toxic risk due to As and Cd in drinking water were 10 and 4 times, respectively, greater than those induced by the safe average daily dosages of the respective chemicals. (2) the cancer risk of As for exposed individuals through the drinking water pathway was 5 in 1000, exceeded the acceptable risk of 1 in 10,000 set for regulatory purposes.     

Association between serum levels of TSH and free T4 and per-and polyfluoroalkyl compounds concentrations in pregnant women

Many per-and polyfluoralkyl substances(PFASs) may disrupt maternal thyroid hormone homeostasis in pregnancy. Concerns should be raised regarding the PFASs exposure in pregnant women because thyroid hormones are involved in the early development of the fetus. In this study, we measured the concentrations of 13 PFASs, including five novel shortchain PFASs, in serum from 123 pregnant women in Beijing, China. Linear regression models were used to investigate the association between thyroid-stimulati...     

Arsenic species in electronic cigarettes: Determination and potential health risk

Human exposure to contaminants from electronic cigarettes(e-cigarettes) and the associated health effects are poorly understood.There has been no report on the speciation of arsenic in e-liquid(solution used for e-cigarettes) and aerosols.We report here determination of arsenic species in e-liquids and aerosols generated from vaping the e-liquid.Seventeen e-liquid samples of major brands,purchased from local and online stores in Canada and China,were analyzed for arsenic species using high-performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Aerosols condensed from vaping the eliquids were also analyzed and compared for arsenic species.Six arsenic species were detected,including inorganic arsenate(iAs~Ⅴ),arsenite(iAs~Ⅲ),monomethylarsonic acid(MMA),and three new arsenic species not reported previously.In e-liquids,iAs~Ⅲ was detected in 59%,iAs~Ⅴ in 94%,and MMA in 47% of the samples.In the condensate of aerosols from vaping the e-liquids,iAs~Ⅲ was detected in 100%,iAsv in 88%,and MMA in 13% of the samples.Inorganic arsenic species were predominant in e-liquids and aerosols of e-cigarettes.The concentration of iAs~Ⅲ in the condensate of aerosols(median 3.27 μg/kg) was significantly higher than that in the e-liquid(median 1.08 μg/kg) samples.The concentration of inorganic arsenic in the vaping air was approximately 3.4 μg/m~3,which approaches to the permissible exposure limit(10 μg/m~3) set by the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA).According to the Environmental Protection Agency's unit risk factor(4.3 × 10~(-3) per μg/m~3) for inhalation exposure to inorganic arsenic in the air,the estimated excess lung cancer risk from lifetime exposure to inorganic arsenic in the ecigarette vaping air(3.4 μg/m~3),assuming e-cigarette vaping at 1% of the time,is as high as1.5 × 10~(-4).These results raise health concerns over the exposure to arsenic from electronic cigarettes.