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71.
以具有致癌毒性的多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)为对象,本研究于2014年1月(冬季)在湖北恩施农村地区使用煤炭和薪柴的家庭中同步采集了室内外空气样品,分析了室内外空气中28种PAHs(∑PAH28)的浓度水平、成分谱和粒径分布,重点比较了不同燃料家庭的污染特征差异,并据此估算了暴露人群的健康风险。结果表明,在燃煤家庭,∑PAH28的室内和室外浓度分别是(507±449) ng·m~(-3)和(120±18) ng·m~(-3);而在燃柴家庭,其室内和室外∑PAH28浓度分别是(849±421) ng·m~(-3)和(268±44) ng·m~(-3)。受室内排放源影响,室内PAHs浓度显著高于室外,室内外∑PAH28浓度比值在2~13。颗粒态PAHs主要集中在细颗粒物上,PM1.0(空气动力学直径小于1.0μm)上的PAHs占到颗粒态PAHs的50%~80%。燃煤家庭的居民因PAHs呼吸暴露导致的终生致癌风险的中位数是1.8×10~(-5)(四分位距是1.2×10~(-5)~3.1×10~(-5)),使用薪柴的家庭人群暴露风险7.1×10~(-5)(6.5×10~(-5)~7.8×10~(-5))。无论是燃煤还是薪柴的家庭,居民因PAHs呼吸暴露导致的终生致癌风险均超过10-6的可接受风险水平,表明该地区的高浓度PAHs污染致使当地人群存在较高的致癌风险。 相似文献
72.
I. Zvonova P. Krajewski M. Ammann V. Filistovic B. Kanyar S.L. Simon D. Webbe-Wood 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2010,101(1):8-10003
Within the project “Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety” (EMRAS) organized by the IAEA in 2003 experimental data of 131I measurements following the Chernobyl accident in the Plavsk district of Tula region, Russia were used to validate the calculations of some radioecological transfer models. Nine models participated in the inter-comparison. Levels of 137Cs soil contamination in all the settlements and 131I/137Cs isotopic ratios in the depositions in some locations were used as the main input information. 370 measurements of 131I content in thyroid of townspeople and villagers, and 90 measurements of 131I concentration in milk were used for validation of the model predictions.A remarkable improvement in models performance comparing with previous inter-comparison exercise was demonstrated. Predictions of the various models were within a factor of three relative to the observations, discrepancies between the estimates of average doses to thyroid produced by most participant not exceeded a factor of ten. 相似文献
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The thyroid hormone agonist/antagonist activities of halogenated derivatives of bisphenol A (BPA) were assessed using a yeast two-hybrid assay incorporating the human thyroid hormone α (TRα), both with and without possible metabolic activation by rat liver S9 preparation. In the absence of the rat liver S9 preparation, 3,3′,5,5′-tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), 3,3′,5,5′-tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA), and 3,3′,5-trichlorobisphenol A (3,3′,5-triClBPA) exhibited agonist activity, whereas 3-chlorobisphenol A (3-ClBPA), 3,5-dichlorobisphenol A (3,5-diClBPA), 3,3′-dichlorobisphenol A (3,3′-diClBPA), and BPA did not. The activities of TBBPA and TCBPA increased markedly (7.6-fold and 3.1-fold, respectively) after their metabolic activation with the rat liver S9 preparation. TBBPA, TCBPA, and 3,3′,5-triClBPA inhibited the binding of triiodothyronine (T3) to TRα at 2 × 10−5 M without rat liver S9 treatment and 4 × 10−6 M with rat liver S9 treatment, demonstrating their T3 antagonist activity. These results revealed that metabolic activation by rat liver S9 significantly increased the agonist/antagonist potential of some halogenated BPAs. 相似文献
75.
大连市肿瘤发生率与居民血硒水平的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用新极谱法测定大连市健康居民300例和癌症患者50例全血的硒含量,分别为146.5±51.0μg/L(148.1±50.2μg/L和144.7±51.9μg/L)和122.7±55.9μg/L是正态分布类型,均小于我国低硒地区160μg/L是 相似文献
76.
本研究利用正定矩阵因子分解模型(PMF)-健康风险评价模型(HMHR)探究了扬州市细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))中重金属污染来源及不同污染源对重金属潜在健康风险值的贡献.结果表明,各重金属全年浓度均值为Pb(64. 4 ng·m~(-3)) Cr(25. 24ng·m~(-3)) As(6. 36 ng·m~(-3)) Ni(5. 36 ng·m~(-3)) Cd(3. 34 ng·m~(-3)) Co(1. 21 ng·m~(-3));各污染源对PM_(2.5)贡献分别为二次源(37. 7%)燃煤源(19. 4%)扬尘(17. 5%)机动车(16. 9%)建筑尘(5. 2%)工业源(3. 4%). As主要源于燃煤、机动车和扬尘; Co主要源于工业源;燃煤源对Pb的浓度贡献较高;工业源对Ni、Cd含量的贡献最高.不同污染源的健康风险依次为扬尘源、燃煤源、机动车、工业源、建筑尘.扬尘源和燃煤源的潜在健康风险较其他污染源为高,与其源谱中重金属元素占比较大且对PM_(2.5)贡献浓度较高有关. 相似文献
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79.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban soils of Beijing: status, sources, distribution and potential risk 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Peng C Chen W Liao X Wang M Ouyang Z Jiao W Bai Y 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(3):802-808
We studied the source, concentration, spatial distribution and health risk of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban soils of Beijing. The total mass concentration of 16 PAHs ranged from 93 to 13 141 μg kg−1 with a mean of 1228 μg kg−1. The contour map of soil PAH concentrations showed that the industrial zone, the historical Hutong district and the university district of Beijing have significantly higher concentrations than those in remainder of the city. The results of sources identification suggested that the primary sources of PAHs were vehicle exhaust and coal combustion and the secondary source was the atmospheric deposition of long-range transported PAHs. The incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) of exposing to PAHs in the urban soils of Beijing for adult were 1.77 × 10−6 and 2.48 × 10−5, respectively under normal and extreme conditions. For child, they were 8.87 × 10−7 and 6.72 × 10−6, respectively under normal and extreme conditions. 相似文献
80.