贵金属氧化物阳极电解处理乙醇模拟废水的研究

采用热分解法在钛基体上制备了5种电极，并分别对乙醇模拟废水进行电解以降低COD值，研究了电极中SnO2含量对降低乙醇模拟有机废水COD的影响，并探讨了其机理。     

压载舱锌阳极失效原因分析及实验室研究

目的 找到压载舱锌阳极失效原因,并提出整改方案。方法 对服役环境进行调研、阳极化学成分检测、电化学性能检测以及阳极表面形貌检测。结果 干湿交替以及高温的环境是造成锌阳极发生钝化的主要原因。在干湿交替环境下,阳极腐蚀表面晶粒松散,晶界宽度大,发生晶间腐蚀和晶粒脱落,造成了阳极失效。结论 通过该项目的实验研究,得出了锌阳极的适用条件,在干湿交替的环境以及高温环境(50 ℃)下,不推荐使用锌阳极,建议使用铝阳极。     

正交法设计Fe、N共掺杂TiO2/Ti液膜可见光光催化处理染料废水

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Fe、N共掺杂TiO_2膜电极(Fe,N-TiO_2/Ti),并设计三因素五水平正交试验对电极制备条件进行优化.结果表明,各因素影响主次顺序为:煅烧温度Fe掺杂量N掺杂量;最优制备条件为:煅烧温度550℃,Fe掺杂量0.3%(质量分数),N掺杂量0.3%(质量分数);共掺杂电极光催化活性优于单掺杂和未掺杂电极.紫外-可见漫反射和光电性能测试表明,催化剂有可见光响应;XRD表征结果表明,Fe、N共掺杂细化了晶粒,有效抑制了金红石相的形成,其晶型为锐钛矿型,粒径为11.48 nm.利用Fe,N-TiO_2/Ti与Cu阴极组装成斜置双极液膜反应器,可见光激发光催化降解苋菜红,考察了主要影响因素.结果发现,最佳条件为:初始pH 2.50,废水流量5.1 L·h~(-1),在此条件下处理20mg·L~(-1)苋菜红80 min,脱色率达到91.6%.电极重复使用10次,每次60 min,脱色率下降了12.99%,说明电极稳定性较好.     

Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5/PbO2电极的制备及降解不同污染物性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶法和电沉积法分别制备了Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5/PbO2电极的中间层和表面活性层,并通过XRD和SEM对电极的中间层和表面活性层进行了相关表征.结果表明,制得的电极表面为β型PbO2,表面形貌均匀致密.同时,采用线性伏安扫描和交流阻抗测试对电极的电化学性能进行了测试.结果表明,电解液中污染物的存在可提高电极的析氧电位,中间层的制备可以有效提高电极的催化性能.另外,通过测定电极对苯酚、靛蓝胭脂红、甲基橙3种不同类型污染物的去除率、COD去除率,研究了该电极对不同类型有机物的降解规律.结果表明,在相同条件下该电极对靛蓝胭脂红的去除速率较高且所需电压最低,降解1 h时靛蓝胭脂红去除率即达100%,甲基橙降解3 h时其COD去除率高达55%.     

电容器阳极铝箔工艺研究现状与发展

论述了影响中高压铝电解电容器用高纯铝阳极箔立方织构比例及力学性能的各种因素,分析了阳极箔生产过程中均匀化退火、热轧、预备退火、成品退火等工艺过程对立方织构及综合性能的影响,提出了提高阳极箔性能的工艺发展方向。     

抛石环境中铝合金阳极性能评价及其对海底隧道钢壳保护效果评估

目的 解决埋覆介质中牺牲阳极电化学性能评价的不确定性,实现非匀质介质中牺牲阳极电容量测试结果的评价和对比.方法 模拟沉管隧道埋覆的环境介质,对铝合金牺牲阳极的电容量和溶解形貌进行评测.为区别于现有的海水等匀质介质中阳极的检测方法,建立非匀质介质中铝阳极电化学性能评价方法.另外,在上述埋覆介质中,测定阳极和阴极的极化曲线,修正仿真计算的边界条件,有利于模拟这种高电阻率介质环境下阴极保护电位分布.结果 测试箱所测电阻率与商用便携式电导率仪测定精度相当.A1阳极在低电阻率的海水中(25～40?·cm)性能稳定,电容量稳定在2500 A·h/kg,溶解性能良好;在40?·cm海淡水+回填石的混合介质中,电容量测试值数据波动大,重现性差.B1阳极在海水(25～40?·cm)中的电容量和A1阳极相当,未见到差异,在40?·cm海淡水+回填石混合介质中,电容量数值分散性小,电化学活性高.结论 混合介质中的评价试验体现了海淡水、混合介质电阻率和回填石对阳极溶解产物阻滞的综合效应,提高了抛石环境中铝阳极寿命评估的准确性,尤其适用于沉管隧道钢壳用铝合金阳极电化学性能评价和牺牲阳极保护效果评估.     

阳极材料对苯酚废水处理效果的影响研究

应用自制电化学反应器研究了不同阳极材料对苯酚废水的电催化氧化处理效果的影响.实验结果表明,在相同的实验条件下,钛基RuO2和钛基SnO2种新型阳极处理苯酚废水的电催化氧化效果要远好过传统的阳极材料石墨.     

Dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride by the catalyzed Fe-Cu process

The electrochemical reduction characteristics of carbon tetrachloride (CT) were investigated using cyclic voltammetry in this study. In addition, the difference in reduction mechanisms of CT between Master Builders' iron and the catalyzed Fe-Cu process was discussed. The results showed that CT was reduced directly on the surface of copper rather than by atomic hydrogen produced at the cathode in the catalyzed Fe-Cu process. The reduction was realized largely by atomic hydrogen in Master Builders' iron. The entire CT in 350 ml aqueous solution with 320 mgL was reduced to trichloromethane and dichloromethane in 2.25 h when 100 g of scrap iron with FeCu ratio of 10:1 (ww) were used. Moreover, the reduction rate slowed with time. CT could be reduced at acidic, neutral and alkaline pH from solution by Fe-Cu bimetallic media, but the mechanisms were di?erent. The degradation rate was not significantly in?uenced by pH in the catalyzed Fe-Cu process; in Master Builders' iron it clearly increased with decreasing pH. The kinetics of the reductions followed pseudo-first order in both cases. Furthermore, the reductions under acidic conditions proceeded faster than that under the neutral and alkaline conditions. The catalyzed Fe-Cu process was superior to Master Builders' iron in treating CT-containing water and this advantage was particularly noticeable under alkaline conditions. The reduction was investigated in the cathode (Cu) and anode (Fe) compartments respectively, the results showed that the direct reduction pathway played an important role in the reduction by the catalyzed Fe-Cu process. The catalyzed Fe-Cu process is of practical value.     

Effect of Sb dopant amount on the structure and electrocatalytic capability of Ti/Sb-SnO2 electrodes in the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol

Ti/Sb-SnO_2 anodes were prepared by thermal decomposition to examine the influence',of the amount of Sb dopant on the structure and electrocatalytic capability of the electrodes in the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol.The physicochemical properties of the Sb-SnO_2 coating were markedly influenced by different amounts of Sb dopant.The electrodes,which contained 5% Sb dopant in the coating, presented a much more homogenous surface and much smaller mud-cracks,compared with Ti/Sb-SnO_2 electrodes containing 10% or 15% Sb dopant,which exibited larger mud cracks and pores on the surface.However,the main microstructure remained unchanged with the addition of the Sb dopant.No new crystal phase was observed by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The electrochemical oxidation of 4-chlorophenol on the Ti/SnO_2 electrode with 5% Sb dopant was inclined to electrochemical combustion;while for those containing more Sb dopant,intermediate species were accumulated.The electrodes with 5% Sb dopant showed the highest efficiency in the bulk electrolysis of 4-chlorophenol at a current density of 20 mA/cm~2 for 180 min;and the removal rates of 4-chlorophenol and COD were 51.0% and 48.9%,respectively.     

电催化氧化法处理生活污水研究

研究制作了3种金属氧化物修饰电极:Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3、Ti/RuO2-IrO2、Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3-MnO2/PbO2,用这3种电极电解葡萄糖溶液,筛选出了处理效果最好的电极——Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3-MnO2/PbO2电极。通过Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3-MnO2/PbO2电极电解葡萄糖溶液实验,研究了电解时间、电流密度、电解质浓度等因素对电解效果的影响。