霉变对储存水稻燃烧行为影响的研究

储存水稻火灾危险性研究具有重要意义。通过研究霉变对储存水稻燃烧行为的影响,确定其火灾危险性。锥形量热燃烧实验(Cone Test)结果显示,霉变样品可以在更小的外加辐射下被点燃;在四种热辐射(25 kW/m2,35 kW/m2,45 kW/m2,55 kW/m2)下,霉变样品的着火时间(TTI)与火灾性能指数(FPI)均小于未霉变样品;而火灾蔓延指数(FGI)高于未霉变样品。Cone Test结果表明霉变显著提高了储存水稻的火灾危险性。差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测试发现在低温时霉变样品比未霉变时吸热焓值提高了3.6倍,表明其析出了更多的小分子挥发物。结合气相质谱联用(GC-MS)测试确定了霉变样品析出的挥发物中含有醇类, 酯类和醛类等易燃物。采用稳态管式炉(SSTF)进一步研究储存水稻的充分燃烧行为,结果显示热释放量及烟气毒性与样品质量(20 g,40 g)以及一次进气量(10 L/min,20 L/min,30 L/min)有关,霉变对于两者的影响较小。     

铁路隧道洞渣环境危害识别与处理研究

修建山区铁路桥隧比高,地质条件复杂,合理处置隧道洞渣是一项重要的环境保护工作。通过对隧道洞渣环境危害类型的分析,总结提出洞渣环境危害的常规和快速检测方法。对不能综合利用的洞渣,根据其类型及环境危害检测结果,选择合适的弃渣场进行堆置处理。特殊弃渣应根据其危害特性选择适宜的处理方法,以防止产生环境危害和污染。     

废钢铁在钢铁行业中应用前景研究

废钢铁是我国物资回收与再生资源利用体系中的重要资源,也是非常重要的战略性资源,是钢铁工业最主要的两种原料之一(另一种是铁矿石)。与铁矿石相比,废钢铁更符合绿色可持续发展的需要和钢铁行业超低排放政策的要求,未来废钢铁资源在钢铁工业发展中的重要性可能会不断提升。着重探讨了未来10年废钢铁资源产生量的变化趋势,以及对钢铁工业原料结构变化的影响。未来中国的废钢铁资源可能不仅能满足自身钢铁工业发展的需要,同时也可能为世界钢铁工业的发展提供重要的原料。     

用钢渣处理含砷废水

对用钢渣处理含硫废水进行了试验，用配水探讨了钢渣投加量，水样，ＰＨ，混合时间等因素对除砷效果的影响，结果表明，钢渣具有较好的除砷效果。     

音频电透视法在防治矿井水患中的应用

为了探明某矿20910工作面顶板0~100 m上高部区域岩层富水性分布情况,基于音频电透视法,通过在工作面回风巷、运输巷布置了59个发射点,104个接收点,获得了工作面顶板0~50 m、50~100 m高度范围音频电透视成果图。探测结果表明,20910工作面顶板0~100 m存在4处低阻异常区域,实际回采揭露发现涌水点5处,均位于探测低阻异常区域,探测结果与实际揭露结果验证很吻合。实践表明,该矿20910工作面顶板0~100 m音频电透视法探测成果合理可靠,音频电透视法可以准确探测出工作面顶板一定范围内相对富水区域分布情况。     

低负荷掺烟对燃煤锅炉NO_X生成及SCR脱硝控制的研究

以某2×330 MW亚临界燃煤锅炉为研究对象,应用数值模拟研究了低负荷下两种一次风掺烟烟气再循环方案对炉内煤粉燃烧以及NOX生成规律的影响,耦合锅炉热力计算研究了SCR入口烟温的变化规律。计算结果表明,合理掺烟方式以及掺烟比能有效降低炉膛出口NOX浓度,提高SCR入口烟温,但掺烟比例过大会影响炉内煤粉正常燃烧;较优的掺烟方案为一次风掺烟20%,同时维持空气量不变,此时炉膛出口NOX排放质量浓度降低了18.29 mg/m3,SCR入口烟温提高了15℃。采用一次风掺烟能有效控制低负荷下锅炉NO_x生成及烟气中的排放。     

Knowledge,experience and the circus: academic perspectives on the processes of communicating the environmental and health impacts of electric vehicles

The translation of research findings into public realms has important implications for alternative technologies, such as electric vehicles (EVs). Much existing science communication research focuses on the agency of different publics in processes of scientific knowledge uptake. This study uses research related to the environmental and health impacts of EVs as a case study to explore how the individual agency of academic researchers can influence communication. Challenges to communication and opportunities to enhance the agency of researchers to engage in public dialogue are identified, with a focus on academics at different stages of their careers. This paper proposes a new way of understanding how these individualised nuances impact the communication of a particular researcher’s findings. These nuances are built through the researcher’s agency; a construct of their past experiences, professional and personal relationships with other actors and previous practices of communicating to publics. Communication models have previously concentrated on the heterogeneity of other actors and publics with the huge assumption that academics work consistently, homogenously, in a neutral way to the benefit of society. EVs were chosen as an appropriate case study as they are a contemporary technology that relies on the communication of knowledge and the public understanding of this knowledge to cater for future needs. The responses elicited from the interviews highlight the individual geographies of knowledge. Hence, a reflexive understanding of their role as an individual can provide valuable insights into how a researcher may distribute knowledges more effectively in their geographies to publics     

Rubber tire life cycle assessment and the effect of reducing carbon footprint by replacing carbon black with graphene

This research utilizes real operating data from a tire plant operating in Central Taiwan to investigate the carbon footprint emissions (CO₂e) involved in producing the electric bicycle. The simulation results are based on the PAS 2050 standard using the SimaPro 7.3 software tool. Our results show the total carbon footprint emissions of 1.2-kg tire for the electric bicycle weighing 4.53-kg CO₂e, composed of 2.63-kg CO₂e from raw tire materials stage, 1.295-kg CO₂e from tire manufacturing stage, and 0.605-kg CO₂e from tire transport stage. An international certified organization, British Standard Institute (BSI), verified the accuracy of our results as 98.7%. We found that carbon emissions at the raw materials stage were higher than that for the other two stages – manufacturing and transportation. Carbon black was determined as the maximum source of carbon emissions at the raw material stage. To reduce the tire plant carbon emissions, this paper recommends using graphene to replace carbon black. Graphene has been reported by many researches to improve the properties of rubber products. From our simulation results, the carbon footprint emissions of 4.56-kg CO₂e of the origin tire plant uses 0.456-kg carbon black to produce 1.2-kg electric bicycle tires. This can be reduced to 4.29 (5.92%), 4.03 (11.62%), 3.75 (11.76%), and 3.49-kg CO₂e (23.46%) by using graphene to replace carbon black 25, 50, 75, and 100 wt% respectively. If we focus only on 0.456-kg carbon black producing 1.08-kg CO₂e, the reduced carbon footprint will be 0.812 (24.81%), 0.547 (49.35%), 0.28 (74.07%), and 0.0128-kg CO₂e (98.81%) by using graphene to replace carbon black 25, 50, 75, and 100 wt% respectively. From our analysis, graphene replacing carbon black can reduce carbon footprint. This has not been published previously and provides a direction for the tire plant to save carbon emissions.     

电工电子产品燃烧产物烟模糊试验

当电工电子产品陷入火灾后因燃烧而产生的烟雾,除含有毒性物质外,其模糊性(不透明性)会妨碍受害者逃生而造成伤亡.烟模糊试验适用于测量和评估这种危险性.     

钢渣/焦炭吸附-微波降解法处理阳离子染料废水

以结晶紫溶液模拟阳离子染料废水,研究了钢渣对染料的吸附性能及其影响因素.结果表明,在碱性条件下,钢渣对结晶紫不仅吸附速率快,而且吸附容量大.利用钢渣对染料的吸附特性和焦炭吸收微波产生高温的性能,提出了以钢渣/焦炭吸附-微波降解处理阳离子染料废水的新方法.该方法简单有效,成本低廉,具有良好的应用前景.