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151.
152.
The degradation of polyacrylamide (PAM) in simulate wastewater was studied in UV/Fenton/C4H4O62? system. The factors such as molecular ratio of H2O2/Fe2+/C4H4O62?, pH, and the dosage of Fenton reagent that could affect the PAM degradation in the UV/Fenton/C4H4O62? system were investigated. The experimental results showed that adding C4H4O62? to UV/Fenton system could form photosensitive ferrous complexes, which led to higher degradation efficiency of PAM. The degradation rate of PAM could be up to 95.2% under the following conditions: the concentration of H2O2, Fe2+, and C4H4O62? were 22.5, 2.25, and 2.25 mmol/L, respectively (i.e., molecular ratio of H2O2/Fe2+/C4H4O62? was 10:1:1), the pH value was 3.0. 相似文献
153.
Seyfi Polat Ahmet Uyumaz Emre Yilmaz Tolga Topgül H. Serdar Yücesu 《International Journal of Green Energy》2016,13(1):63-70
EGR is one of the most significant strategies for reducing especially nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from internal combustion engines. The thermal efficiency of spark ignition engines is lower than compression ignition engines because of its lower compression ratio. If the compression ratio is increased to obtain higher thermal efficiency, there may be a knocking tendency in spark ignition engines. EGR can be used in order to reduce NOx emissions and avoid knocking phenomena at higher compression ratios. In-cylinder temperature at the end of combustion is decreased and heat capacity of fresh charge is increased when EGR applied. Besides EGR, spark timing is another significant parameter for reducing exhaust emissions such as nitrogen oxides, and unburned hydrocarbon (UHC). In this study the effects of EGR and spark timing on spark ignition engine were investigated numerically. KIVA codes were used in order to model combustion process. The combustion process has been modeled for a single cylinder, four stroke and gasoline direct injection (GDI) spark ignition engine. The results showed that in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate decrease as EGR ratio increase. In-cylinder pressure increases with the advancing of spark timing. Advancing spark timing increases the heat release rate and in-cylinder temperature. The simulation results also showed that EGR reduced exhaust gas temperature and NOx emissions. 相似文献
154.
Isabelle Batisson Olivier Crouzet Martine Sancelme Clarisse Mallet 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(4):1195-1201
Dissipation kinetics of mesotrione, a new triketone herbicide, sprayed on soil from Limagne (Puy-de-Dôme, France) showed that the soil microflora were able to biotransform it.Bacteria from this soil were cultured in mineral salt solution supplemented with mesotrione as sole source of carbon for the isolation of mesotrione-degrading bacteria. The bacterial community structure of the enrichment cultures was analyzed by temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE). The TTGE fingerprints revealed that mesotrione had an impact on bacterial community structure only at its highest concentrations and showed mesotrione-sensitive and mesotrione-adapted strains. Two adapted strains, identified as Bacillus sp. and Arthrobacter sp., were isolated by colony hybridization methods.Biodegradation assays showed that only the Bacillus sp. strain was able to completely and rapidly biotransform mesotrione. Among several metabolites formed, 2-amino-4-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid (AMBA) accumulated in the medium. Although sulcotrione has a chemical structure closely resembling that of mesotrione, the isolates were unable to degrade it. 相似文献
155.
对碱激胶凝材料(碱-偏高岭土、碱-矿渣和碱-粉煤灰)与水-水泥体系固化Ph^2+进行了试验研究,其中水-水泥体系为对比样。结果表明:对于相同稠度的碱激发胶凝材料,即使Pb^2+含量达到2.4%,除了碱-粉煤灰的抗压强度略低外,其他都达到30MPa以上,满足填埋或做建筑基材的使用要求;与水泥相比,碱激发胶凝材料能显著降低重金属离子(Ph^2+)浸出浓度,其规律性与其NH4交换容量大小的规律性一致,与其固化体的抗压强度的大小没有相关性。 相似文献
156.
研究采用H2O2/Fe^3+催化氧化处理高浓度含甲醛废水,探讨了双氧水和催化剂投加量、反应pH及反应温度等操作条件对处理效果的影响,并通过酸溶解回用失活催化剂。结果表明,较优的操作条件为:H2O2/COD(质量比)=2.2~2.6,Fe^3+/H2O2(摩尔比)=0.048~0.058,反应pH1.80~2.68,反应温度50℃,反应时间40 min;在上述操作条件下,甲醛去除率达到99%以上,COD去除率达到85%以上。失活的催化剂可通过稀酸溶解后循环使用,其效果与三价铁盐作催化剂的基本相同。采用H2O2/Fe^3+处理含甲醛废水具有比采用H2O2/Fe^2+较优的效果。 相似文献
157.
HPA/ZnFe2O4-TiO2光催化剂的制备及对马拉硫磷的可见光降解 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以纳米TiO2载体,利用浸渍法制备了HPA/ZnFe2O4-TiO2光催化剂。对制备的催化剂进行了XRD、BET、TEM和UV-vis DRS表征。结果表明,催化剂样品均为锐钛矿相且ZnFe2O4很好地分散在载体表面,HPA/ZnFe2O4-TiO2光催化荆的平均粒径为10nm且在380-670nm均有强的光响应;反应最佳的HPA浓度为O.08molfL,最佳的ZnFe2O4负载量为1%。考察了HPA溶液初始浓度、ZnFe2O4负载量、溶液初始pH值、H2O2用量、催化剂用量对催化剂活性的影响。在溶液初始pH=13,H2O2=6mmol/L,催化剂用量为2g/L的最优条件下,光照反应进行100min后,马拉硫磷的降解率可达87%;重复4次后马拉硫磷的降解率仍可以达到67%。 相似文献
158.
J. Juri Ayub D.E. Di Gregorio H. Velasco H. Huck M. Rizzotto F. Lohaiza 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2009
The 7Be wet deposition has been intensively investigated in a semiarid region at San Luis Province, Argentina. From November 2006 to May 2008, the 7Be content in rainwater was determined in 58 individual rain events, randomly comprising more than 50% of all individual precipitations at the sampling period. 7Be activity concentration in rainwater ranged from 0.7 ± 0.3 Bq l−1 to 3.2 ± 0.7 Bq l−1, with a mean value of 1.7 Bq l−1 (sd = 0.53 Bq l−1). No relationship was found between 7Be content in rainwater and (a) rainfall amount, (b) precipitation intensity and (c) elapsed time between events. 7Be ground deposition was found to be well correlated with rainfall amount (R = 0.92). For the precipitation events considered, the 7Be depositional fluxes ranged from 1.1 to 120 Bq m−2, with a mean value of 32.7 Bq m−2 (sd = 29.9 Bq m−2). The annual depositional flux was estimated at 1140 ± 120 Bq m−2 y−1. Assuming the same monthly deposition pattern and that the 7Be content in soil decreases only through radioactive decay, the seasonal variation of 7Be areal activity density in soil was estimated. Results of this investigation may contribute to a valuable characterization of 7Be input in the explored semiarid ecosystem and its potential use as tracer of environmental processes. 相似文献
159.
Gas/particle partitioning of atmospheric PCDD/Fs in a satellite town in Eastern China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Meng-xia Xu Jian-hua Yan Sheng-yong Lu Xiao-dong Li Tong Chen Ming-jiang Ni Hui-fen Dai Fei Wang Ke-fa Cen 《Chemosphere》2009,76(11):1540-1549
Gas/particle partitioning of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in ambient air was investigated in a satellite town in Eastern China from April 2007 to January 2008 comprehending large temperature variations (from 3 to 34 °C, daily average). Molecular weight, molecular structure and ambient temperatures are the three major factors that govern the gas/particle partitioning of atmospheric PCDD/Fs throughout the year. Generally, good agreements were obtained (except for winter) between measured particulate fractions and theoretical estimates of both the Junge–Pankow adsorption model and Harner Bidleman absorption model using different sets of subcooled liquid vapor pressure and octanol–air partition coefficient (Koa), respectively. Models utilizing estimates, derived from gas chromatographic retention indices (GC-RIs), are more accurate than that of entropy-based. Moreover, during winter, the Koa-based model using the GC-RIs approach performs better on lower chlorinated PCDD/Fs than that of -based. Furthermore, possible sources of mismatch between measured and predicted values in winter (3–7 °C) were discussed. Gas adsorption artifact was demonstrated to be of minor importance for the phenomena observed. On the other hand, large deviations of slopes (mr) and intercepts (br) in logKp vs. plots from theoretical values are observed in the literature data and these are found to be linearly correlated with ambient temperatures (P<0.001) in this study. This indicates that the non-equilibrium partitioning of PCDD/Fs in winter may be significantly influenced by the colder temperatures that may have slowed down the exchange between gaseous and particulate fractions. 相似文献
160.