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321.
322.
硝基芳烃对虹鳉鱼(Poecilia reticulata)的毒性 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
主要研究了2,6-二硝基甲苯(2,6-DNT)和4-硝基甲苯(4-NT)两种硝基芳烃对虹鳉鱼的急性毒性、亚急性毒性及联合毒性效应,旨在为渔业水质标准的制定与完善提供可靠的科学依据。研究表明,2,6-DNT的急性毒性大于4-NT,二者的96 h LC50值分别为(25.22±0.19)mg/L和(60.26±0.09)mg/L;亚急性毒性研究中,两种化合物的各种质量浓度在40天内,对试验动物的生长有不同程度的影响;应用Marking相加指数法评价二者的联合毒性,结果表明其联合毒性为协同。 相似文献
323.
农田N2O排放研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
农田土壤是大气中N2O的重要来源,与1990年相比,2000年我国氮肥用量升高了40%,因此,迫切需要对我国农田土壤N2O的排放通量作出新的估算。土壤理化性状的空间变异和不同生态条件下进行长期的、多点的农田N2O原位监测数据的匮乏成为提高N2O排放测定精度的制约因素。目前,航空采样法-驰豫涡动技术(微气象学方法)能够成功克服空间变异,且已经被成功应用在农业生态系统N2O排放的定量化观测上;另外Century-NGAS和DNDC模型是目前应用较广泛的机理模型,但应用不同模型所获得的N2O排放量相差较大。因此,今后农业土壤N2O排放的工作重点应集中在如何提高N2O原位观测精度,寻找合适的机理模型和提出相应的减排措施。 相似文献
324.
Yasumori?TamuraEmail author Makoto?Hattori Kotaro?Konno Yoshiaki?Kono Hiroshi?Honda Hiroshi?Ono Mitsuru?Yoshida 《Chemoecology》2004,14(2):113-118
Summary. The leaf beetle Ophraella communa infests
almost exclusively Ambrosia artemisiifolia in the fields of
Japan, even though it normally feeds on several Asteraceous
plants. A filter paper bioassay showed that the feeding of
O. communa is strongly stimulated by methanolic extracts of
A. artemisiifolia. The feeding stimulants for O. communa have
been isolated from methanolic extracts of A. artemisiifolia.
-Amyrin acetate, -amyrin acetate, 5-caffeoylquinic acid
(chlorogenic acid) and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid from
A. artemisiifolia have been identified as feeding stimulants
for O. communa. Triterpenoid derivatives
(-amyrin acetate or -amyrin acetate) and caffeic acid derivatives (3,
5-dicaffoylquinic acid or 5-caffeoylquinic acid) showed
feeding stimulant activity when mixed together. 相似文献
325.
Summary. Male satin moths, Leucoma (Stilpnotia) salicis L. (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae) were attracted only to (3Z,6R,7S,9R,10S)-isomer out of the four (3Z)-cis-6,7-cis-9,10-diepoxy-3-henicosenes (leucomalure). This was demonstrated by field trapping test with a bivoltine population in a mixed poplar-willow forest along the flood area of the river Danube at Adony, Hungary. 相似文献
326.
Felicia J. Higgs Howard W. Mielke Michelle Brisco 《Environmental geochemistry and health》1999,21(1):27-36
Soil studies, conducted in Maryland, Minnesota and Louisiana, have described the urban pattern of lead contamination. They have shown that the highest amounts of lead cluster within the interior of the largest cities. The results of the New Orleans urban patterns of distribution of soil lead provided the basis for further study. The hypothesis was tested that elementary school properties have the same pattern of soil lead contamination as their neighbouring residential communities. Thirty New Orleans Public Elementary Schools were selected for this study. Surface samples (2.5cm or 1 inch depth) were collected from playgrounds and next to entrances of each school. Results showed that soil lead on school properties follows the same relative contamination patterns (pvalue10–5) as soil lead on residential properties of neighbouring communities. Schools however, have significantly lower lead contamination than the neighbouring residential properties. Innercity school properties present a higher risk of soil lead exposure than mid and outercity schools. Soils next to innercity school entrances showed the highest lead, with 18.5% having concentrations over 400gg–1. Systematic landscaping around the school entrances would significantly reduce the hazard from lead dust contaminated soils. 相似文献
327.
研究了UV/H2O2工艺对2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP)的去除效果和水中阴离子、腐殖酸对该工艺降解2,4-DCP的影响。结果表明:UV/H2O2工艺可以有效的去除水中2,4-DCP,光降解过程符合一级反应动力学模型;在H2O2投加量为8mg/L,1个30W低压汞灯照射下,2,4-DCP在蒸馏水和自来水中光降解速率常数分别为0.0232/min和0.0162/min;NO3-、Cl-、HCO3-对2,4-DCP光降解有抑制作用;当3种离子浓度为0.5mmol/L、10mmol/L、20mmol/L时,对2,4-DCP光降解的抑制程度为HCO3->NO3->Cl-;随着离子浓度增大,抑制作用增强;自来水中的光降解速率常数低于蒸馏水中的光降解速率常数是由于水中多种离子影响的结果;腐殖酸在低浓度时,促进光降解反应的进行,在高浓度时,2,4-DCP的光降解氧化受到抑制。 相似文献
328.
Franois Oehler Paul Bordenave Patrick Durand 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2007,120(2-4):313-324
We measured denitrification at 15 sites during 1 year in a agricultural catchment in Brittany, France. Our objective was to assess the relative importance of heterotrophic denitrification on the fate of excess nitrogen at the catchment scale, and to quantify the relative importance of riparian areas on the N2O emissions. Using the C2H2 inhibition technique, denitrification rate on soil core and denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA) were each determined, for samples taken from two soil layers: 0–20 and 20–40 cm. Denitrification rates, ranging from 0 to 417 mg N m−2 d−1, were significantly higher in riparian areas than for hillslopes (median of 24.87 against 10.38 mg N m−2 d−1). However, since denitrification rates are significant in the hillslope and given that hillslope surface area is much greater (79% of catchment surface), this domain could be responsible for half of the overall denitrified nitrogen (N). Also, the 20–40 cm deep soil layer was found to account for more than 46% of the denitrification. The DEA indicates the potential for denitrifying activity by the soil under non-limiting conditions, measured values ranged from 76.48 to 530.63 ng N g−1 dry soil h−1. The ratio N2O/(N2O + N2) was about 60% with no clear spatial or temporal trends. Soil moisture appeared to be the main limiting factor for denitrification at the field scale. The results suggest that, for this catchment, denitrification is a major route for nitrogen removal, but a significant proportion of this removal occurs as N2O. 相似文献
329.
330.
讨论了城市污水经过A/O工艺处理时活性污泥的二次污染问题。将原水、处理后的出水及活性污泥用甲苯萃取,萃取相经过真空浓缩后,采用GC/MS测定了样品中的有机化合物,结果表明,在A/O工艺处理城市污水过程中,活性污泥的吸附作用是主要的,降解作用是次要的;A/O工艺所排放的活性污泥仍然是一种危险的污染物。 相似文献