The Effects of Three Thermo Electric Power Plants on Yerkesik-Denizova Forests in Mugla Province (Turkey)

Mugla is a city that is located in the southwest part of Turkey. Three thermo-electric power plants called Yatagan (3 × 210 MW) and Yenikoy (2 × 210 MW)and Kemerkoy (Gokova, 3 × 210 MW) havebeen constructed in this region and also have begun operation in 1982 – 1983 – 1984 (three units), in 1988 and in 1995, respectively. The Pinus brutia forests in Yerkesik–Denizova region have been under the common effects of Yenikoy and Yatagan thermo-electric power plants. Therefore, these Pinus brutia forests have startedto dry in groups since 1988. In addition, Kemerkoy thermo-electric power plant, began operation in 1995.Polluting gases arrived in Denizova-Yerkesik throughKoca Stream Valley Forests.Increasing quantities of polluting gases and especially SO₂ have dried the trees in large amounts in this 1650 ha forestland area. YataganThermo-electric power plant has caused drying of Pinus brutia in Bencik Mountain, which was on the south in 1984–1985. The same phenomenon was seen in Denizova-Yerkesik Forest in 1999–2000. It was observed that sulphur content was varying between 4218–6676 ppm at the Pinus brutia needle samples taken in this region on 16 December 2000. Sulphur contents were correlated with the age of needle (1–2 yr old), density of yellow stains on the needles and amount of drying needles. Particularly in 1996–2000 period, the destruction of chlorophyll in needles due to the impacts of SO₂ was also correlated with narrowing of the annual rings from one year to another. The narrowing ratio of yearly rings reached 60–504% for 94–95 yr old, and 375–661% for 58–63 yr old Pinus brutia trees during the 1986–1990, 1991–1995 and 1996–2000 periods.All these results clearly showed that the decrease in the chlorophyll content in needles under the effect of air pollution caused important reduction in the raw timber production and its inputs to the economy. In other words, drying due to increased ecological sensitivity or direct hazard of pollutants emitted by the power plants and cutting of trees have been notably increased in the region. This has created serious economic losses.     

污泥脱水机械的选择讨论

CaSO4沉淀污泥的脱水因化学性质的特殊性，在脱水机械的选用上应考虑一些影响其脱水的因素，对部分影响因素作一些探讨。     

Effects of temperature on UV-B-induced DNA damage and photorepair in Arabidopsis thaliana

DNA damage in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers(CPDs) and (6-4) photopreducts(6-4PPs) induced by UV-B radiation in Arabidopsis thaliana at different temperatures was investigated using ELISA with specific monoclonal antibodies. CPDs and 6-4PPs increased during 3 h UV-B exposure, but further exposure led to decreases. Contrary to the commonly accepted view that DNA damage induced by UV-B radiation is temperature-independent because of its photochemical nature, we found UV-B-induction of CPDs and 6-4PPs in Arabidopsis to be slower at a low than at a high temperature. Photorepair of CPDs at 24℃ was much faster than that at 0℃ and 12℃,with 50% CPDs removal during 1 h exposure to white light. Photorepair of 6-4PPs at 12℃ was very slow as compared with that at 24℃,and almost no removal of 6-4PPs was detected after 4 h exposure to white light at 0℃. There was evidence to suggest that temperaturedependent DNA damage and photorepair could have important ecological implications.     

洗涤剂富磷污染及其对策

介绍了国内湖海水域富磷污染的现状,指出含磷洗涤剂的使用是造成富磷污染的主要原因,提出了解决富磷污染的对策及适合中国国情的洗涤剂发展方向。     

倒置A2/O工艺生物脱氮除磷原理及其生产应用

在阐述倒置A2O工艺技术原理的基础上,对倒置A2O工艺在实际生产中的应用及其脱氮除磷处理效果进行分析,实际生产应用结果表明,倒置A2O工艺是适合我国城市污水实际情况,具有简捷、高效特点的城市污水生物脱氮除磷新工艺。     

化学需氧量半微量烘箱测定方法的研究

介绍了污水和工业废水中化学需氧量(COD)的半微量烘箱测定方法。该法与经典回流法比较,具有节省水电、省时、省药品等特点。用Ag2SO4-MnSO4作催化剂,HgSO4用量少,减少了汞盐的二次污染。具有较好的精密度和准确度,适用于大批量的水样的测定,有良好的推广价值。     

UV/Fe3+/H2O2体系降解活性艳橙X-GN废水的研究

采用UV/Fe3 /H2O2体系光解活性艳橙X-GN模拟废水,考察了X-GN,Fe3 和H2O2的初始浓度、初始pH值及温度对光解的影响,探讨了X-GN的降解途径和机理.结果表明,在8W低压汞灯(λ＝254nm)照射下,UV/Fe3 /H2O2能够有效地降解X-GN,在pH=3.0,T=50 ℃,时间为120 min,Fe3 和H2O2的初始浓度分别为2.5×10-5 mol·l-1和1.5×10-4 mol·l-1时,对含200 mg·l-1 X-GN模拟废水的色度去除率和矿化率分别达到100%和90.15%.用IC和GC/MS对X-GN降解的中间产物和最终产物进行分析,推导出UV/Fe3 /H2O2体系中X-GN降解的途径和机理.     

高效液相色谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中的低分子醛酮类化合物

通过对吸烟机接口的改装,应用酸化的2,4-二硝基苯肼的乙腈溶液作为吸收液,对主流烟气中的甲醛、乙醛、丙酮、丙醛、丙烯醛、丁醛、丁烯醛、丁酮进行衍生化,形成相应的苯腙,采用紫外检测器在波长为360nm处进行检测,方法的最小检测限在0.54-1.65ng·μl-1之间,样品中被检测物的RSD值在6.22%-12.34%(n=6)之间.     

氮输入对沼泽湿地碳平衡的影响

以小叶章沼泽化草甸为对象,利用静态箱-气相色谱法,在三江平原进行野外原位试验,研究氮输入对沼泽湿地碳平衡及其各分量的影响.氮素输入后,沼泽湿地生态系统总初级生产力提高,生物量增大,分别比对照处理增加了10%和26.8%.同时,CH₄和生态系统呼吸CO₂排放量提高,而生态系统CO₂净交换(NEE)和净碳(CO₂和CH₄都转化成对应的碳)交换降低,CO₂、CH₄和NEE的季节变化动态未改变.2004年整个生长季氮输入处理的CO₂和CH₄排放量分别比对照处理升高了34%和145%,NEE和净碳交换分别降低了70%和81.6%,但整个生长季2个处理仍然表现为碳的净吸收.氮输入没有改变沼泽湿地碳“汇”的功能,只是减弱了其作为碳“汇”的功能.     

氨氮与镉单一和复合作用对沉水植物穗花狐尾藻和轮叶黑藻光合能力的影响

在水-土环境中,单一物质引起的污染很少,绝大多数污染是多种污染物质共存所造成的.利用碘量法测定溶解氧,研究了氨氮与镉单一和复合作用对沉水植物穗花狐尾藻和轮叶黑藻光合能力的影响.结果显示,氨氮浓度在4.0 mg·L^-1时,对轮叶黑藻有较强的胁迫作用,表现为光合作用的产氧量与呼吸作用的耗氧量均下降,而此浓度对穗花狐尾藻没有表现出胁迫作用;当镉处理浓度为0.2 mg·L^-1时,镉对2种沉水植物都表现出明显的胁迫效应,且对轮叶黑藻的胁迫作用更强;当镉与氨氮复合作用时,对轮叶黑藻产生联合毒害作用,但对穗花狐尾藻毒害作用较轻,可能原因是穗花狐尾藻所含的粗纤维比轮叶黑藻少,细胞壁上能结合重金属的位点较少,所以吸附的镉相应减少,毒性较小.实验结果表明在进行湖泊水生植物修复时,相对于轮叶黑藻,穗花狐尾藻更适合作为生态恢复的先锋物种.