天津地区土壤Cd污染的监测分析研究

在连续4年的土壤监测数据的基础上,通过分析形成Cd污染的点位所占的比例、Cd污染分布的规律及其成因,以及在正常的灌溉、施肥和大气条件下(未受污染的灌溉水、Cd含量不超标的化肥)土壤Cd含量的增加速度等三个方面,对天津地区土壤Cd污染的分布规律、不同污染程度监测点的污染源,以及Cd污染的发展趋势等方面做出了较为客观的评价和预测.     

Concentrations, sources and spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from Beijing, Tianjin and surrounding areas, North China

The concentrations, profiles, sources and spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in 40 surface soil samples collected from Beijing, Tianjin and surrounding areas, North China in 2007, and all sampling sites were far from industrial areas, roadsides and other pollution sources, and across a range of soil types in remote, rural villages and urban areas. The total concentrations of 16 PAHs ranged from 31.6 to 1475.0 ng/g, with an arithmetic average of 336.4 ng/g. The highest PAH concentrations were measured in urban soils, followed by rural village soils and soils from remote locations. The remote-rural village-urban PAH concentration gradient was related to population density, gross domestic product (GDP), long-range atmospheric transport and different types of land use. In addition, the PAH concentration was well correlated with the total organic carbon (TOC) concentration of the soil. The PAH profile suggested that coal combustion and biomass burning were primary PAH sources.     

Decomposition of factors influencing carbon emissions in the region of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei,based on the perspective of terminal energy consumption

In order to analyze the factors influencing carbon emissions in the region of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei and to explore the pathways to developing a low-carbon economy, this paper begins with the terminal energy consumption of three industries and residential consumption, and constructs an identical equation which is composed of population size, level of economic development, energy intensity, the proportion of energy consumption, energy structure, and the coefficient of carbon emissions. Based on the data of terminal energy consumption during 2000–2012, various factors are analyzed and their contribution is measured by Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI). The results show that the levels of population and economy have a positive driving effect while energy intensity, energy structure, and carbon intensity have a negative driving effect; the proportion of energy consumption had a negative driving effect prior to 2006, then changed to positive. Among suggestions for a low-carbon economy are controlling population size, improving the quality of economic development, supporting research into new energy technology, accelerating regional integration and optimizing industrial structure, and enhancing environmental protection and spreading the concept of a low-carbon economy.     

天津市地表水水质变化趋势及对策

水资源短缺和水体严重污染,是天津市的主要水环境问题。通过对天津市主要水体水质变化趋势及产生原因分析,揭示天津地区水污染的发生规律,并提出了改善水环境质量的相应对策。     

遵循科学发展,构建和谐社会

以科学发展观为指导,天津市近年来环保工作取得了显著成绩,其主要做法有:加强执政能力建设;大力发展循环经济;创建环保模范城市。今后要进一步加大环保工作力度,为构建和谐社会做出贡献     

天津港北煤南移环境效益探讨

分析了天津港煤、焦炭储运的现状及其污染情况,南疆物流散货中心作为实现“北煤南移”的重大战略,将彻底改变堆场、储运场凌乱分布的局面,改变现有煤尘污染的情况,具有良好的环境、社会效益。     

天津城市自然灾害及其对策的初步研究

本文初步分析和研究了天津市近百年来的10余种城市自然灾害的特征与成因,指出随着城市化的发展,相应地必须加强城市自然灾害的对策研究,并结合天津市实际情况,提出初步的对策方案。     

天津盐渍化土壤水溶性氮素组成及分布特征

对天津不同程度盐渍化农田(n=4)和荒地(n=4)土壤水溶性有机碳(SOC)和水溶性氮素组成与分布特征进行了研究。结果表明:农田和荒地土壤水溶性有机碳(SOC)含量分别为26.1~46.4mg/kg和19.6~77.8mg/kg,由表层向下呈现出降低-升高-稳定的变化趋势。农田土壤具有较高溶解性总氮(TSN)、硝氮(NO-3—N)和水溶性有机氮(SON)含量,分别是荒地土壤的0.8~5.9、0.8~10.5和0.9~8.7倍。NO-3—N和SON是TSN的主要组成部分,分别占农田土壤TSN的38%~72%和26%~60%,荒地土壤的32%~75%和16%~58%。NO-3—N、SON在农田土壤剖面中主要积累在土壤表层和底层,而在荒地土壤剖面中主要积累在土壤表层,且在农田土壤中具有较高的淋溶风险。     

天津市经济—环境系统的物质流分析

利用物质流分析工具对天津市经济—环境系统中的物质流进行了分析,分析结果表明:2004年天津市的物质需求总量达到8.68亿t,且增长趋势明显,其中基础设施建设对环境造成了较大扰动,进口物质大于出口物质;城市环境容量总体处于饱和状态,水体污染严重;物质消耗强度不断增长,资源的利用效率处于较低水平。最后,针对存在的问题,提出相应的措施和建议。     

天津市污水资源化政策的战略环境评价

战略环境评价在我国刚刚起步，其评价过程、步骤、方法都在探讨之中，特别是缺乏战略环境评价的实例研究。文章提出了政策层次战略环境评价的管理程序和技术程序。按照所提出的技术程序，对天津市即将出台的污水资源化政策(草案)进行战略环境评价。获得了2项经验：(1)组织好公众参与，并将公众参与的意见纳入到政策草案之中：(2)在政策层次上开展SEA，从管理程序和技术程序上进行新的模式与实践。