装甲车辆沙漠戈壁地区环境适应性试验设计

针对我军当前装甲车辆鉴定定型试验中，沙漠戈壁地区适应性试验考核试验覆盖度较低、考核强度不足、试验标准老旧等问题，导致作战效能大幅下降，甚至无法满足作战使用要求。在参照当前传统的严寒、湿热、高原地区适应试验组织方法基础上，结合当前复杂环境试验及边界条件考核要求，分析了沙漠戈壁地区敏感环境因素，提出了2种新型试验方法，一是“基础+复杂”组合的沙漠戈壁地区适应性试验方法，二是基于作战使用任务剖面循环的试验方法，进一步提升试验考核强度及深度，为装甲车辆沙漠戈壁地区适应性试验开展提供了设计新思路。     

用亚椭圆形毛料提高盒形件成形的研究

在盒形件拉伸成形过程中,毛料展开是冲压工作的重要课题。此文根据数学理论,用亚椭圆方法建立数学模型来摸拟盒形件毛料尺寸展开外形,是提高一次成形、减少压延次数的有效方法。     

Planning environmental sanitation programmes in emergencies

Environmental sanitation programmes are vital for tackling environmental-related disease and ensuring human dignity in emergency situations. If they are to have maximum impact they must be planned in a rapid but systematic manner. An appropriate planning process comprises five key stages: rapid assessment and priority setting; outline programme design; immediate action; detailed programme design; and implementation. The assessment should be based on carefully selected data, which are analysed via comparison with suitable minimum objectives. How the intervention should be prioritised is determined through objective ranking of different environmental sanitation sector needs. Next, a programme design outline is produced to identify immediate and longer-term intervention activities and to guarantee that apposite resources are made available. Immediate action is taken to meet acute emergency needs while the detailed programme design takes shape. This entails in-depth consultation with the affected community and comprehensive planning of activities and resource requirements. Implementation can then begin, which should involve pertinent management and monitoring strategies.     

Investigation of various physicochemical and environmental parameter influence on pesticide sorption to ditch bed substratum by means of experimental design

Diffuse pollution by pesticide applied in rural catchments may contribute to alter water quality. Besides actions relative to the way the substances are introduced into the environment, it is also possible to limit the contamination by interfering on their transfer pathways from fields to the main river network. Especially, interface areas such as buffer strips or small ditches may play a major part in pesticide diffuse pollution decrease. In ditches a great variety of materials may act as sorbents for organic contaminants: grass, leaves, wood debris or sediments. In this study, laboratory experiments were designed to determine sorption characteristics for three herbicides with different physicochemical properties on sediment and leaves in decay commonly found in agricultural ditches. Sorption capacities were assessed for the herbicides isoproturon, diuron and diflufenican.

Experimental design was carried out to investigate the effects of five parameters on herbicide sorption on sediment and dead leaves. These parameters have been chosen according to parallel field experiment needs. Thus, the influence of initial sorbent moisture, herbicide form, i.e. active substance or commercial formulation, water quality (tap or natural ditch water), bromide ions (used as conservative tracers) and solid/liquid ratio have been tested. Within the parameters investigated, pesticide formulation and solid/liquid ratio were the most important parameters affecting pesticide sorption on both ditch materials.     

现代城市居住区的防盗安全问题研究

针对现代城市居住区防盗安全问题日益突出的情况,从住宅建筑方面入手,对城市居住区的防盗安全问题进行研究分析,并提出相应的解决措施.其中分别对住宅建筑的窗、住宅平立面、阳台、住宅楼梯间、雨篷、管道和空调主机七个细节部位进行了防盗分析;在安全设计时充分考虑各个细节部位之间的联系,本着"相互促进,相辅相成"的原则,对它们的整体布局、安放位置和尺寸等方面提出了改进方案,并实施了防盗安全设计.     

货运港口火灾危险性分析及消防设计探讨

通过对货运港口的火灾危险性和我国现行的码头防火设计规范中存在的问题进行分析,对货运港口的消防设计提出了具体意见。     

Realistic evaluation as a new way to design and evaluate occupational safety interventions

Recent debates regarding the criteria for evaluating occupational health and safety interventions have focused on the need for incorporating qualitative elements and process evaluation, in addition to attempting to live up to the Cochrane criteria. Reflecting fundamental epistemological conflicts and shortcomings of the Cochrane criteria in evaluating intervention studies, the debate challenges the traditional (quasi-) experimental design and methodology, which are often used within safety research. This article discusses a revised ‘realistic evaluation’ approach as a way to meet these challenges.Evidence from the literature as well as examples from an integrated (leader-based/worker-based) safety intervention study (2008-2010) in a large wood manufacturing company are presented, with focus on the pros and cons of using randomised-controlled-trials and a revised realistic evaluation model.A revised realistic evaluation model is provided which includes factors such as role behaviour, leader and worker motivation, underreporting of accidents/injuries, production pressure, unplanned organisational change and accounting for multilayer effects. These can be attained through qualitative and/or quantitative methods, allowing for the use of realistic evaluation in both large and small scale studies, as well as in systematic reviews. The revised realistic evaluation model offers a promising new way of designing and evaluating occupational safety research. This model can help safety science move forward in setting qualitative and/or quantitative criteria regarding context, mechanisms and processes for single studies and for reviews. Focus is not limited to whether the expected results appear or not, but include suggestions for what works for whom, under what circumstances, in what respects and how.     

地铁工程安全设计(DFS)知识库构建

针对目前地铁施工和运行过程中安全事故频发的现象,运用安全设计(DFS)概念,提出在地铁设计中应考虑施工和运行安全,构建DFS知识库,以提高设计人员的DFS能力。分析DFS知识库应具备的功能,提出通过知识的搜集、分析、存储和查询4大模块来实现相应的功能;依据模块的功能,详细设计DFS知识库的逻辑结构、系统结构和存储结构;4大模块与DFS不同的结构相结合,构成地铁工程DFS知识库系统。以乘客坠落站台事故为例,进行实证分析。研究结果表明,该案例的逻辑层次为"车站工程子知识库-车站站台子库-客运类事故";合理有效的知识库可根据标准化案例描述识别出危险源,并可运用知识管理的相关方法自动提取针对危险源的设计规范及设计建议。     

建筑应急照明的设计与施工探讨

应急照明是现代建筑安全保障的重要设施之一,它同人身安全和建筑物安全紧密相关。根据建筑电气设计规范对应急照明的具体规定,对应急照明的设计要求做了进一步探讨和归纳总结,并结合具体问题对应急照明设置场所、供电时间、电源供电方式、控制方式、施工设计及设计要点等方面进行了阐述,对应急照明的设计和实践应用中出现的问题进行了分析,并提出了整改措施。     

大型博览会前期消防监督及设计审核探讨

近年来,国内举办的各类博览会内容繁多,如车展、服装展、机电展、大型机械、油煤化工、农产品、园林技术以及各类综合性展览,展会消防安全工作尤为重要.布展期间的消防设计审核作为展会消防工作的源头,是消防监督人员及展会相关工作人员应当提前介入、重点把关的首要问题.笔者根据各地参加展会工作实践经验,针对大型展会布展中的特装展位消防设计审核工作进行探讨,包括布展前期告知事项、特装展位设计审核及特装布展施工监督管理等方面的具体要求,从源头保证大型博览会的消防安全.