Evaluating time to maximum rate (TMR) and self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) of self-polymerizing vinyl acetate monomer

Vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) is widely used as a chemical intermediate producing a variety of copolymer products. Besides, VAM has the tendency to readily decompose into free radicals and ions that initiates the self-sustaining polymerization reaction. The non-isothermal experiments of VAM were performed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the calculations of the kinetic parameters from temperature-programmed DSC curves have been evaluated by the isoconversional method. The thermal analysis of VAM was proceeded using the advanced thermal analysis software (AKTS) to figure out the time to maximum rate (TMR) and self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) for a proactive safety design of VAM. Subsequently, the kinetic model is used to predict the potential thermal runaway in the VAM-PVAc polymerizing process.     

南泉河污染现状及建设人工湿地治理污染的探讨

通过对南泉河污染现状的监测和调查分析,同时基于国家南水北调东线工程治污规划的要求,提出了建设人工湿地治理南泉河污染的方案。对治理方案的可行性、治理方案内容、产生的效益进行了分析。     

石灰-铁盐法处理镍、钼深加工含镍、砷废水工艺设计

采用石灰-铁盐法处理镍、钼深加工含镍、砷废水,工程运行结果表明,出水能达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中一级排放标准,该工艺具有投资少,占地面积小,便于管理的优点。     

“矿井通风与安全”课程教学实践与探讨

针对“矿井通风与安全”内容多、范围广、理论性和实践性很强等特点,结合笔者教学实践,从注重教学内容的精选、注重案例分析、注重知识的延伸、注重课程设计环节以及注重教学方法等5个方面出发,探讨如何提高学生对该课程的学习主动性和积极性,增强学习效果的问题。     

OPTIMUM DESIGN OF INTERBASIN TUNNEL SYSTEMS1

Interbasin water transfer is often accomplished by tunnel systems discharging the water from subreservoirs into a main reservoir. Such a system involving an arbitrary number of reservoirs is considered and an iterative method is developed for the determination of all tunnel sizes giving minimum total cost of the system when the individual discharges from the subreservoirs and elevations of the water surfaces of all reservoirs are known. It is assumed that all tunnels are flowing full. Influence of average construction cost per unit volume as well as tunnel roughness and cross-sectional shape is taken into consideration. The corresponding computer program for the general case is presented. The method may also be adapted to pipe systems, open channel systems, or combined systems by introduction of the proper cost functions for these conduits.     

多层圆管夹芯结构的装甲车底板防爆设计

为提高轮式装甲车防护地雷的能力,寻找能够实现最佳防护效果的装甲结构形式,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件平台,对不同的装甲结构在爆炸载荷作用下的响应进行仿真计算。首先探究多层圆管排列方式对冲击吸能的影响,得出密排圆管结构的抗冲击能力强于齐排和交叉排列的方式。然后在爆炸载荷下对由双层密排圆管组成的夹芯层防护结构进行数值计算,并对比试验结果,验证了所建立计算模型数值模拟结果的有效性。最后由数值计算结果确定了最佳的防护结构。数值模拟和试验结果表明,防护结构的面密度增大,防护效果明显改善;相同面密度的防护结构中圆管的直径越大,圆管的压缩行程越大,防护效果越好。     

基于敏感性分析的危险废物填埋场工程和地质屏障参数优化

为优化危险废物填埋场地下水污染风险控制的工程/地质屏障参数,基于过程模型模拟-参数敏感性分析-参数优选的系统框架和方法,分析关键参数对于地下水中渗滤液所携带污染物浓度的影响和敏感性,基于分析结果推荐技术参数的取值区间和最低的技术参数要求.结果表明:①各参数对地下水污染风险的敏感性排序依次为导排支管间距>含水层厚度>导排层坡度>天然衬层渗透系数>导排层渗透系数>地下水流速.②当导排支管间距>25 m、导排层坡度 < 2%、导排层渗透系数 < 0.000 1 cm/s、天然衬层渗透系数>1×10-6 cm/s时,地下水污染风险急剧增大;反之,当导排支管间距 < 10 m、导排层坡度>3%、导排层渗透系数>0.01 cm/s、天然衬层渗透系数 < 5×10-7 cm/s时,对地下水污染风险的管控并无明显影响.③导排支管间距最低为25 m,但不宜 < 10 m,导排层坡度最低为2%,但不宜>3%,导排层渗透系数最低为0.01 cm/s,天然衬层渗透系数最低为1.0×10-6 cm/s.研究显示,现有标准中给出的参数取值具有合理性,但范围较广,应结合水文地质参数与填埋场参数确定.      

诺氟沙星吸附剂生物炭-壳聚糖复合微球的制备优化

为了提高生物炭-壳聚糖复合微球对NOR（诺氟沙星）的吸附能力,以复合微球对NOR的吸附量为指标,考察了生物炭与壳聚糖质量比、壳聚糖脱乙酰度、戊二醛用量、交联时间、交联速率及生物炭热解温度对复合微球吸附NOR的影响,并由均匀试验确定复合微球的最佳制备条件.结果表明,生物炭与壳聚糖质量比、壳聚糖脱乙酰度、戊二醛用量、交联时间、交联速率及生物炭热解温度对复合微球吸附NOR具有明显影响.制备复合微球的关键影响因素是生物炭热解温度、戊二醛用量和交联速率.吸附NOR的复合微球最佳制备条件:生物炭热解温度为300℃、生物炭与壳聚糖质量比为5:1、壳聚糖脱乙酰度为77%、戊二醛用量为80 mL、交联速率为150 r/min、交联时间为3 h.此时,复合微球对NOR的吸附量为9.51 mg/g,且具有较高的耐酸溶性和机械强度.研究显示,复合微球能够高效吸附NOR,并且吸附后容易分离,具有修复水体污染的潜力.      

GENERATING DESIGN HYDROGRAPHS BY DEM ASSISTED GEOMORPHIC RUNOFF SIMULATION: A CASE STUDY1

ABSTRACT: The geomorphic instantaneous unit hydrograph (GIUH) may be one of the most successful methodologies for predicting flow characteristics in ungauged watersheds. However, one difficulty in applying the GIUH model is determination of travel time, and the other difficulty is the large amount of geomorphologic information required in the study watershed. Recently, using the kinematic-wave theory Lee and Yen (1997) have analytically determined the travel times for overland and channel flows in watersheds. The limitation of using an empirical velocity equation to estimate the runoff travel time for a specified watershed is then relaxed. To simplify the time-consuming work involved in geomorphic parameter measurement on topographic maps, the GIUH model is linked with geographic information systems to obtain geomorphic parameters from digital elevation models. In this paper, a case study performed for peak flow analysis in an ungauged watershed is presented. The geomorphic characteristics of the study watershed were analyzed using a digital elevation model and were used to construct the runoff simulation model. The design storm was then applied to the geomorphic runoff simulation model to obtain the design hydrograph. The analytical procedures proposed in this study can provide a convenient way for hydrologists to estimate hydrograph characteristics based on limited hydrologic information.     

CRITICAL ELEMENTS IN DESCRIBING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR NATION'S AQUATIC RESOURCES1

ABSTRACT: Despite spending $115 billion per year on environmental actions in the United States, we have only a limited ability to describe the effectiveness of these expenditures. Moreover, after decades of such investments, we cannot accurately describe status and trends in the nation's aquatic ecosystems or even those in specific regions. Why? This situation has arisen in part because we have excluded the fundamental principles of probability designs that are widely used in other fields and we have often ignored direct measures of biota, the subjects of greatest concern. To demonstrate the results of ignoring these powerful statistical and biological tools, we present four case studies. These studies compare estimates of aquatic resource status derived from using (1) a probability-based study design, often with biological measures of condition; and (2) a nonstatistical study design, often using chemical surrogates. In three of the four cases, the results derived from the nonstatistical perspective underestimate the degree of biological degradation.