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111.
利用从污水处理厂分离出的烷烃降解菌FZ5,考察了牛肉膏、蛋白胨、尿素、NH4NO3,KNO3,NaNO3,(NH4)2SO4,NH4C1分别作为氮源的影响。试验结果表明,菌株FZ5对有机氮源的利用比无机氮源好;通过正交实验对培养基配方中的N,P源进行优化,研究了机油降解过程中N和P物质供给对降解的影响;考察了Mg^2+,Cu^2+,Mn^2+,Fe^2+.Ca^2+等二价金属微量元素对菌株FZ5降解机油的影响,结果表明,微量元素的供给可促进微生物的生长繁殖,有利于机油降解:最后还测定了温度、底物浓度、DH值对菌株FZ5降解机油能力的影响。 相似文献
112.
Fog composition along the Yangtze River basin: Detecting emission sources of pollutants in fog water
Xianmang Xu Jianmin Chen Chao Zhu Jiarong Li Xiao Sui Lu Liu Jianfeng Sun 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(9):2-12
To investigate the fog chemistry along the Yangtze River basin, a field observation experiment was performed from Shanghai to Wuhan during November 2015. Fifteen fog water samples were collected by using a three-stage Caltech Active Strand Cloud water Collector(CASCC). The three-stage CASCC was mounted on the board of a ship. PH, electrical conductivity(EC), H_2O_2,HCHO, S(IV), ten inorganic ions, seven organicacids and sixteen trace metal elements were measured in this study. The p H of fog water samples ranged from weakly acidic(pH 4.3) to weakly alkaline(pH 7.05) and the EC ranged from 32.4 to 436.3 μS/cm. The main cations in fog water were NH+4 and Ca~(2+), accounting for 12.35% and 29.07% of those inorganic ions,respectively. In addition, SO_4~(2-) and NO_(-3) contributed to 25.52% and 12.93% to total anion concentrations respectively. Moreover, the dominant kinds of organicacids were formate and oxalate, occupying 45.28% and 28.03% of the total organicacids, respectively. For trace metal elements in fog samples, Al, Fe, Zn, and Ba revealed 34.6%, 16.4%, 19.3%, and 20.9%contributions to these sixteen trace element concentrations, respectively. The results indicated that pollutants were mainly from human activities, including fossil fuel combustion,biomass burning, steel-making, stone quarrying and sand digging. Besides, natural sources including natural background levels and long-range transport of sea salt particles also aggravated the pollution levels in the fog events along the Yangtze River. 相似文献
113.
针对HGAFS法测定水样中的As,Se,Hg,就仪器的性能、最佳氢化反应条件、干扰等方面进行讨论,并就仪器使用过程中应注意的问题、该方法的优缺点等提出了一些看法。 相似文献
114.
利用AFS-9330双道原子荧光光度计测定水中的锡,以1.0%的盐酸作为载流液、1.0%的硼氢化钾为还原剂,荧光强度与其质量浓度在040μg/L范围内,线性良好,相关系数为0.9992,方法检出限为0.06μg/L,相对标准偏差在1.79%40μg/L范围内,线性良好,相关系数为0.9992,方法检出限为0.06μg/L,相对标准偏差在1.79%2.83%之间,加标回收率为91.0%2.83%之间,加标回收率为91.0%103%。 相似文献
115.
Microwave assisted digestion followed by ICP-MS for determination of trace metals in atmospheric and lake ecosystem 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The study of trace metals in the atmosphere and lake water is important due to their critical effects on humans,aquatic animals and the geochemical balance of ecosystems. The objective of this study was to investigate the concentration of trace metals in atmospheric and lake water samples during the rainy season(before and after precipitation)between November and December 2015. Typical methods of sample preparation for trace metal determination such as cloud point extraction,solid phase extraction and dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction are time-consuming and difficult to perform; therefore,there is a crucial need for development of more effective sample preparation procedure. A convection microwave assisted digestion procedure for extraction of trace metals was developed for use prior to inductively couple plasma-mass spectrometric determination. The result showed that metals like zinc(133.50–419.30 μg/m~3)and aluminum(53.58–378.93 μg/m~3)had higher concentrations in atmospheric samples as compared to lake samples before precipitation.On the other hand,the concentrations of zinc,aluminum,chromium and arsenic were significantly higher in lake samples after precipitation and lower in atmospheric samples. The relationship between physicochemical parameters(pH and turbidity)and heavy metal concentrations was investigated as well. Furthermore,enrichment factor analysis indicated that anthropogenic sources such as soil dust,biomass burning and fuel combustion influenced the metal concentrations in the atmosphere. 相似文献
116.
采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)对北京市2008年4月和5月不同采样点采集的灰霾天PM10样品中的15种微量元素进行了分析,得出了Ti、Fe、Zn、Sn、Pb为全样样品中相对含量较高元素;Ti、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb是水溶样样品中相对含量较高元素。与晴天相比,灰霾天样品中微量元素可溶性增强,对人体危害更严重。与2002年分析数据进行对比,因2002年缺少Cr、Cd元素的测试值,全样样品中除了Co、Ni、Cu、Mo元素外,其余测试元素的浓度均有不同程度的升高,Fe和Sn元素的增幅最大。水溶样品中,参与对比元素的含量均下降。文中对含量相对较高的Cr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Cd、Sn和Pb元素进行了源解析,分析得出采样点附近的交通源及地面扬尘是这些元素的主要来源。 相似文献
117.
A typology of land characteristics for the Humber catchment in central/eastern England is identified in relation to land
use, hydrology and demographic, topographic and geological characteristics, using GIS and statistical analyses. Empirical
relationships between land characteristics and water quality were examined in relation to the spatial variability in water
quality across the Humber catchment. Analyses of relationships between land characteristics and water quality were undertaken
at two hierarchical scales: (1) individual catchments and (2) localities of 10 km radius draining to each sampling site. The
importance of urban and agricultural sources was identified, together with a hydrological component linked to dilution of
point source inputs and mobilisation of specific sediment-associated contaminants in higher-energy (higher-flow) environments.
High-solubility (dissolved) chemical determinands (such as B, Cl and SO4), which undergo conservative transport through the river network, show the strongest linkages with land characteristics at
the catchment scale. Cr, Zn and Ca show stronger correlations with land characteristics at the locality rather than the catchment
scale, indicating that the concentrations of these determinands are more closely linked to the availability of localised sources.
This work provides a starting point for investigating how changes in land use and management of drainage basins might impact
river water quality at the regional scale and fluxes to the coastal zone, by providing a mechanism for examining linkages
between regional-scale land characteristics and river water quality. The next step requires development of the approach within
a more rigorous statistical framework and the extension of the regional analysis within a wider national and international
context.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
118.
沉积物作为污染物迁移转化过程中重要的"源"和"汇",与整个生态系统及人类健康有着密切联系。间隙水很大程度上反映了水体沉积物的污染状况,同时可以真实反映生物的实际暴露情况,间隙水中关键致毒物质的鉴别是科学准确地评价间隙水及沉积物毒性与风险的重要基础。毒性鉴别评估(Toxicity Identification Evaluation,TIE)和效应引导的污染物识别(Effect Directed Analysis,EDA)技术作为致毒物质识别的主要方法,已在沉积物和间隙水的致毒物筛选中得到了初步的应用。本文介绍并比较了常用的间隙水提取方法,总结了TIE和EDA在间隙水致毒物质异位及原位鉴别方面的应用与发展,及鉴别过程中使用到的基本毒性量化方法与其适用条件。在当前间隙水关键致毒物质识别研究的基础上,指出了异位分析难以避免毒性损失和有机污染物鉴别方面的局限等问题,并提出应推广原位毒性试验技术且进一步发展有机物的精细分离技术和质谱识别技术等发展方向。 相似文献
119.
Early diagenetic processes control the behavior, and more specifically the dissolved‐solid phase distribution of heavy metals in sediments. The depth distribution of Co, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Fe in sediment were determined in box cores from the Black Sea. The sequential analyses results of these metals indicate contrasting behavior of Mn and Co during early diagenesis, consistent with their respective chemistries and particle‐associations. The profiles of extractable trace metals in the cores are clearly related to sediment type or depositional environment. Topmost sections of the profiles for these elements are generally similar, i.e. rapid decrease in concentration below the sediment surface. 相似文献
120.
Yuan Meng Weiyi Liu Heidelore Fiedler Jinlan Zhang Xinrui Wei Xiaohui Liu Meng Peng Tingting Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(5):104