我国能源发展的环境约束分析

能源生产与消费是造成大气环境污染与生态环境破坏的重要原因,而环境容量的过度使用,又会反过来约束能源的发展.通过分析近5年来我国能源发展的供需状况、能源经济形势、开发布局,以及能源开发环境破坏、大气环境容量、二氧化碳排放状况等,发现了我国能源发展与环境保护之间存在的问题,并总结了我国能源发展主要面临的四个方面的环境约束.全面和系统地梳理这些环境约束条件,有助于实现能源的可持续发展,并且为进一步改革现有的能源环境政策提供参考.     

Using a novel data linkage approach to investigate potential reductions in motor vehicle crash severity – An evaluation of strategic highway safety plan emphasis areas

Introduction: With the significant number of motor-vehicle fatalities occurring on the nation’s roadways in recent years, there exists a need to integrate a more complete range of data sources, available at a regional or statewide level, to effectively evaluate existing safety concerns and quantify their impacts. Crash data alone does not provide ample crash-associated citation, injury, and roadway characteristics; therefore, a more cohesive dataset is required to accurately and completely analyze the true impacts of motor-vehicle crashes. Previously developed strategies linked crash data with citation and roadway inventory data to enhance the identification and optimization of highway safety strategies. Method: The main objective of this research focused on developing a new deterministic linkage between crash and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) data, by utilizing the Massachusetts Crash Data System (CDS) and the Massachusetts Ambulance Trip Record Information System (MATRIS). Results: After several iterations of match criterion, the validated linkage successfully matched 58.3% of MATRIS records (containing an Injury Cause of Motor Vehicle Crash) to a CDS person record (55011 linked pairs, between 2014 and 2016). The data linkage provided significant insight into injury trends in several highway safety emphasis areas such as roadway departure, speeding-related, and distraction-affected crashes. The findings from this research are twofold: (1) an established process for linking previously separate data sets, and (2) a mechanism for analysis that provides decision-makers and safety professionals with a better measure of crash outcomes.     

构建农民收入增长的长效机制

“三农问题”是关系国家经济和社会发展全局的问题，其核心是农民收入增长，农民收入增长的关键是构建收入增长的长效机制。本文通过分析中国农民收入的现状，从制度视角分析农民收入增长缓慢的土地制度、税费制度、金融体制、公共品供给体制以硬社会保障制度等方面原因．在此基础上提出构建中国农民收入增长长效机制的制度框架。     

资源环境约束下构建区域技术创新决策管理体系研究

当前区域经济社会发晨面临日益突出的资源环境约束阎题，区域技术创新体系建设和技术创新能力提升。是缓解资源环境压力、实现经济社会全面协调可持续发晨的根本途径。区域技术创新决策管理体系是整个技术创新体系的重要一环。本文在阐述技术创新重要作用等基础上。提出了在资源环境约束下，构建区域技术创新决策管理体系的主要措施。     

On designing streets: an interactive perspective

The following is a summary of work carried out in urban planning design at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. The main objectives of the study were to identify those factors which condition the use of a street and to understand the physical and emotional impacts of the street and its different characteristics upon its users; eventually this led to establishing facts involving the criteria which contribute to making streets which would enrich peoples’ experience and would contribute to the urban life and excitement of all.     

Roadside dusts and soils contamination in Cincinnati,Ohio, USA

Roadside dusts and soils were collected from various nonindustrial districts in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, and analyzed for lead and copper contents. Results showed that the recent lead phase-down action has reduced the level of lead, but the concentrations of both metals are still higher than the background levels for normal soil. Elevated concentrations of copper in heavily traveled highways were noted, suggesting that much of the copper pollutants is probably of automotive origin. The concentration of lead was found to vary with housing age, and higher levels of contamination in the older neighborhoods were observed. This result is probably ascribable to the accumulation of residues from leaded gasoline and lead-based paint in the past and the use of coal fire for space heating in older houses.     

Effect of excessive cadmium chloride on the plasmids of E. coli HB 101 in vivo

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江苏省城市道路交通噪声污染状况评析

对1996～2002年江苏省城市噪声源的构成以及道路交通污染状况和变化趋势进行了评析，指出在城市机动车拥有量不断增长的情况下，全省城市道路交通噪声总体达标，且呈现下降趋势。但仍要对部分污染较重的超标路段加强控制。     

Counting of visitors in the Meijendel dunes, The Netherlands

Accurate and sufficiently detailed information about recreation-related use of dune areas is necessary for their management. Long-term monitoring can provide this information. This paper presents the visitor counting programme used in the Meijendel dune area since 1992. The data collected during the first ten years are used to evaluate the method. The combination of mechanical vehicle counts and additional visual counts proved to be reliable and produced an accurate data set. Costs could be reduced through eventually reducing the number of counting locations and limiting the number of visual counts.     

高架复合道路噪声声场分布研究

高架复合道路有效地缓解了交通拥挤的问题，但随之也带来了严重的噪声污染，以几何声学和衍射声学为理论基础，利用声级叠加原理，建立了高架复合道路噪声对临街建筑立面影响的预测模式。预测值与实测值基本相符，可直接应用于城市噪声预测。为城市发展规划尤其是城市高架复合道路的发展提供了科学依据。