PRIORITIZING WATER MANAGEMENT PROJECTS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA: AN EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY

ABSTRACT: Southeast Asian nations with extensive water management systems have numerous candidate and ongoing programs and projects. They cannot possibly all be funded and implemented simultaneously in any serious way. Choices must be made. But how to select? What criteria can assist with the screening in an acceptable manner, particularly in the near absence of useful technical and economic information across them all. This paper suggests a methodology by which assessment criteria can be constructed which conforms to any given national information base and development needs. Criteria can be weighted one against the other in their relative importance. For each criterion a ranking scale puts the “best” (most, highest) at one end and the “worst” (least, lowest) at the other. Each candidate project is then subjected to these consistent assessment methods for a weighted “score.” Key criteria normally have surrogate measures depending on information available. Criteria are of three sorts: sheer volume, e.g., of a specific use, a benefit; ratios and relations, e.g., A as percent of B; and other more subjective criteria, e.g., regional or income distribution impacts. The basic criteria include, for example, time to full benefits (minimize), OM & R as percent of investment (minimize), and permanent rural jobs created (maximize).     

A rotational groups system approach for interdisciplinary research

Environmental research is characterized in each of its successive phases by a strong interdisciplinarity. A rotational groups system (RGS) method is proposed as an instrument to encourage interaction among researchers from fields that are traditionally far apart. Meetings conducted with the RGS procedure involve all the researchers, who, in repeated and topical encounters, are able to exchange information on a wide variety of environmental subjects. These meetings can be arranged according to a special calendar, through a series of phases treating different aspects of the same subjects to be discussed, and above all, referring to specific themes and working guidelines organized on the basis of criteria designed to favor an exchange of ideas and constructive discussion. At the end, the plenary assembly edits an overall resume of the proceedings, and votes on the final resolution, which brings together all the conclusive opinions regarding the themes discussed.     

灾区医疗队生存和救治中的问题及对策

针对灾区医疗队生存和救治工作中存在的问题，提出了解决办法，包括吃、住、行及救治等方面。     

戴腰山铜矿采矿技改工程安全评价研究

为了提高戴腰山铜矿采矿技改工程本质安全程度,辨识技改工程中存在的主要危险、有害因素;结合技改项目资料和现场调查,将该项目划分为10个评价单元;针对不同评价单元特点,分别采用安全检查表(SCL)、预先危险性分析(PHA)、事故树分析(FTA)和作业条件危险性评价法(LEC)等对该技改工程中的危险、有害因素进行了定性、定量评价;针对安全评价中出现的问题提出了切实可行的安全措施建议。     

污水处理中鸟粪石法磷回收技术研究进展

针对水体富营养化和磷资源短缺的困境,从污水中利用鸟粪石法回收磷成为一个重要的选项。围绕高效低耗的鸟粪石回收目标,本文梳理了鸟粪石法磷回收思路、技术特征、不同类型反应器的发展,为新型鸟粪石磷回收技术的开发提供了支撑。     

沙河航运工程对沙河国家湿地公园的环境影响分析研究

航运工程的开发与建设会对河道所处的生态环境产生一定的影响,特别是河道型湿地,因此在环评阶段如何分析航道建设对湿地的影响尤为重要.主要通过航运工程本身的特点和湿地公园的生态现状进行结合,通过使用GIS叠图法、生态机理分析方法分别从土地利用资源、湿地水资源、鸟类行为等方面进行影响分析,提出在航运工程施工过程中进行"湿地重建、支流保护"、鸟类监测等措施,以保护航运过程中的湿地生态环境,为航运工程生态影响分析提供一定的理论基础.     

水污染防治领域PPP项目投资回报机制设计

在国家相关政策的支持引导下,采用政府和社会资本合作(PPP)模式实施的水污染防治项目逐渐增多。合理的投资回报是社会资本参与PPP项目的关键所在。本文通过对水污染防治项目特点、不同付费方式及适用条件进行分析,对投资回报的内在机理进行了分析,提出水污染防治PPP项目投资回报机制设计原则,包括应符合市场配置特点,充分考虑项目风险影响,确保社会资本"盈利但不暴利"、以政府财政承受能力为底线、不以保底承诺、固定回报变相融资。在此基础上,从投资回报是社会资本方服务绩效的对价、合理设计保底需求和超额收益分享机制、合理设计服务价格及调整机制、合理拓宽可行性缺口补助投资回报方式等方面对投资回报机制要点进行了探讨,以期为同类项目的实施提供参考。     

深圳荔枝湖富营养化成因和总磷模型分析

通过9个月水质连续监测,分析了深圳荔枝湖污染来源和负荷.外源污染主要来自雨水管网溢流,降雨后湖水水质急剧恶化,TP浓度可高达0.347 mg/L.底泥释放试验表明,总氮第1周平均释放速率为0.036 8 g,(m2·d),磷源在好氧条件下释放较少.并建立荔枝湖四湖总磷串联模型,通过2组实测数据进行校验,计算结果和实测值吻合;在此基础上,用模型分析,设计初始条件下,采用组合治理工艺每天连续运行24 h,则需要2.18 d可将荔枝湖各湖TP浓度恢复为0.1 mg/L以下,达Ⅳ类地表水标准.     

多级曝气-固定化优势微生物强化固定生物膜处理工艺的应用

广州白云山一峰污水处理工程采用了新型污水处理工艺-多级曝气-微生物制剂强化固定生物膜处理工艺,对该工艺的特点及设计体会进行了讨论。设计进水COD、BOD5、SS、NH3-N、TP、动植物油为400～600mg/L、300～400mg/L、250～400mg/L、20～30mg/L、3～5mg/L、70～100 mg/L,出水为90mg/L、20mg/L、10mg/L、10mg/L、0.5mg/L、10 mg/L。实际运行结果表明：主要出水指标COD、BOD5、SS、NH3-N、TP、动植物油的去除率分别可达到88.1%、94.4%、97.9%、88.6%、94.6%、91.5%。该工艺具有占地少、建设成本低、结构简单、施工容易、能耗低、噪声低、运行可靠、稳定达标、剩余污泥极少、运行成本底、维护简便等优点。