岩溶地下水水体中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的残留特征及健康风险评价

采用气相色谱-微池电子捕获检测器(GC-μECD)测定南山老龙洞岩溶地下水水体中有机氯农药(OCPs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)残留量,并探究了OCPs和PCBs的浓度、分布和来源等残留特征.结果表明,OCPs总浓度范围为34.8～623.2 ng·L^-1,均值为215.6 ng·L^-1,其中,HCHs、DDTs和其它类OCPs总浓度范围分别为8.2～23.6、4.5～363.7和22.2～235.9 ng·L^-1,均值分别为15.9、104.5和95.3 ng·L^-1; PCBs总浓度范围为6.0～40.7 ng·L^-1,均值为16.8 ng·L^-1.总体而言,OCPs和PCBs污染处于中上水平;多重比较结果显示部分OCPs和PCBs平均浓度具有统计学意义上的显著差异.研究区各采样点水体中污染水平差异较大,但OCPs和PCBs的季节分布相对均匀.源解析表明,HCHs源于周围环境中林丹的输入; DDTs源于近期工业DDT的非法使用;其它类OCPs源于大气沉降和...     

Effects of a major municipal effluent on the St. Lawrence River: A case study

The St. Lawrence River (SLR) is the second largest waterway in North America. The discharge of the City of Montreal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) represents the largest volume of treated wastewaters being released into the river. It also ranks as the largest sewage treatment plant of its kind in North America. Over the last decade, intensive multidisciplinary research has focused on assessing the impacts of Montreal wastewater effluents on the SLR. We describe the major findings of these investigations, including the determination of the fate of contaminants, bioaccumulation in fish and invertebrates, ecotoxicological measurements of aquatic animal health, evaluation of endocrine disruption, parasitism in fish, and combined effects of multiple stressors on the SLR. Impacts of the effluents from the WWTP on aquatic organisms from the SLR are both toxicological and ecological, demonstrating the need for an integrated view of the impacts of municipal effluents on aquatic ecosystems.     

Using the guild concept in the assessment of tree harvesting effects on understory herbs: A cautionary note

To help determine whether plants should be grouped into guilds for environmental impact assessment, the responses of six members of a guild of deciduous forest herbs to selective tree harvesting were compared. Harvesting operations themselves (tree cutting and skidding) had little effect on five of the six species but the sixth species decreased more in cut plots than in uncut plots. Subsequent microclimatic changes, resulting from tree cutting, also affected guild members differently. In the first year after cutting, two species increased more in cut plots than in uncut plots, while three other species did not change in frequency of occurrence and the sixth species decreased more in cut plots than in uncut plots. This inconsistent response of guild members to tree harvesting suggests that caution should be exercised in using guilds to assess plant response to environmental change.     

Estimating health damage cost from secondary sulfate particles--a case study of Hunan Province, China

IntroductionChina’senergyusepattern ,characterizedbyadominatingrelianceoncoal,hasledtosevereSO2pollutionandresultinghealthdamage .Withconsumptionsoffossilfuelsstilltogrow ,totalhealthdamageisanticipatedtoincrease ,whichwillbeagreatchallengetoChina.Thischallengerequirescomprehensivehealthimpactassessmenttoguideenvironmentalpolicyandreorientpublicopinioninfavorofeffectivepreventiveaction .Generally,the“ImpactPathwayApproach”(Krewit,1 999;Thanh ,2 0 0 0 ) ,whichlinkstheemissiontoconcentrat…     

关于加强企业职业卫生与健康教育工作的实践和思考

通过对职业卫生与健康教育多方面的论述,指出：职业卫生与健康教育是企业科学管理体系的重要组成部分;强化职业卫生意识宣教,加强职业健康教育组织与管理,是控制或消除职业危害因素,保障职工身心健康,促进企业健康发展的重要动力因素。提出了企业加强职业卫生与健康教育工作的对策和途径。     

对乡镇企业职工的职业安全卫生知识、态度、行为的调查

从对某市部分乡镇企业职工的职业安全卫生知识、态度、行为所进行的调查看,不同状况的人群对职业安全卫生知识、态度、习惯有显著性差异。为此,提示职业安全卫生监督管理部门及企业的有关职能部门在职工的职业安全卫生教育中,要加强对文化程度低、年轻、工龄较短的职工的教育,并采用形式多样化手段。另外,职业安全监督管理部门还要加强监督外资企业做好职工的职业安全卫生教育。从职工对职业安全卫生的态度及行为结果看,提出在进行职业安全卫生教育时,要有针对性。不仅要给职工配备劳保用品,更重要的是监督职工经常和正确地使用劳保用品,并养成良好的卫生习惯     

环境污染与人体健康

在正常环境中，环境中的物质与人体间保护动态平衡，污染物质破坏这一平衡，不仅会对人体健康造成急性危害，慢性危害和致癌，致畸，致突变等远期危害，而且这些危害具有影响范围大，作用时间长和情况复杂等特征。     

包头市大气污染对人群健康的影响

包头市环境污染属典型的煤烟型污染，是国内少数几个污染严重的城市之一。笔者以多年的大气环境监测数据为基础，结合居民环境流行病学调查，定性或定量地给出了大气污染对人体健康（多项指标）造成的危害。经研究发现，包头市大气污染已对市区居民健康状况产生明显影响，除造成居民健康慢性损害外，还加剧此等病的病情、加速死亡。     

浅谈石化建设项目设计过程HSE管理的方法

通过参与石油化工建设项目的HSE管理，结合我国法律法规及实际情况，着重谈谈石油化工设计中HSE管理的实施。     

浅谈环境噪声的危害与控制

通过了解噪声的来源；具体分析了噪声对人体的危害，不同的噪声，级别不同，对人体的健康影响程度也不同，尤其是长期接触噪声的工作人员。如何有效地防治噪声，从噪声源、传播途径及个人防护方面进行了具体的分析。