Personality and economic choices

There is substantial variation in individual preferences for public goods, yet much of that variation remains poorly understood. However, simple measures of personality can help to explain economic values and choices in a systematic way. In this paper, we examine the effects of personality on individual economic choices over public environmental goods. Based on three datasets from three separate stated preference studies, we use a hybrid choice econometric framework to examine the effects of personality on preferences for the status quo, changes in environmental quality, and costs of investing in environmental improvements. We find effects that are consistent across all datasets. Personality, a stable feature of an individual's character that is simple to measure, enriches explanations of why the demand for environmental goods varies across people, provides an indication of how different people are likely to react to the introduction of environmental policies, and explains substantial differences in Willingness to Pay.     

The environmental effects of trade within and across sectors

This paper presents a model that combines within and across sector channels through which trade affects our environment by embedding heterogeneous firms and fixed costs into a two-sector framework with an endogenous response to environmental policy. In contrast to existing literature that tends to examine these channels separately, the combined framework developed here shows how cross-sector comparative advantage and within-sector responses to trade and environmental policy or factor endowments interact to affect our environment through three channels: changes in output, cross-sector market share, and emissions intensity. In contrast to a single-sector model with neutral productivity, consideration of two sectors allows for trade liberalization to affect the allocation of inputs in each sector and thereby affect total pollution output. The additional consideration of heterogeneous firm responses to falling trade costs will generate endogenous increases in productivity that increase output, reduce aggregate emissions intensity, and moderate the cross-sector resource adjustment, relative to a representative-firm model. Simulation results show how the combined framework can replicate existing empirical outcomes, and provide concise ceteris paribus insights regarding the potential role of trade and environmental policy changes and factor expansion in driving observed outcomes and their contribution to each of the three channels.     

航空用2D12铝合金在海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为研究

在海南万宁试验站开展2D12铝合金海洋大气暴露试验,通过质量损失分析、力学性能分析和金相显微形貌分析,研究了2D12铝合金在海洋大气环境中腐蚀的规律和行为。结果表明,2D12铝合金的腐蚀质量损失与暴露时间的关系可用幂函数回归;随暴露时间的延长,2D12铝合金的抗拉强度先下降、后趋于平稳,断后伸长率则逐渐降低;金相显微分析表明,2D12铝合金的腐蚀由初始的点蚀逐渐发展成晶间腐蚀。     

主体功能区建设与区域协调发展:促进亦或冒进

当前我国的区域发展不平衡问题日益凸显,国家“十一五”规划中出台的主体功能区战略试图根据一些理想的条件和标准对我国区域空间进行合理的重新划分和建构,从而达到促进我国区域协调发展的目的.决策层对区域协调发展的关注从早期狭义上更多地单纯强调经济发展的人民生活水平差距的逐渐缩小,后来逐渐扩展到广义上的区际实际收入水平和公共服务的均等化过程.根据中国2001-2009年的数据,我们发现无论是狭义上还是广义上,我国区际发展不协调程度都呈现扩大趋势,并且广义的区域不协调程度远超过狭义的区域不协调程度.主体功能区战略是逻辑意义上的以地为本,同时也是对区域过去发展水平的一个事后承认或被动承认,中国区域经济的发展水平与主体功能区的开发顺序和开发重点形成了相互促进的同向递增关系.主体功能区的划分标准有着较大随意性和不严谨性,加上相关配套政策和措施的不完善,主体功能区建设短时期内不会缩小反而可能会加大我国本已不小的区际发展差距.     

改性矿物吸附法和O3氧化法对维生素B12废水脱色处理

采用改性矿物吸附法和O3氧化法对某制药厂维生素B12废水进行脱色处理。以废水色度去除率大于50％为目的,通过实验确定改性矿物吸附法和O3氧化法处理维生素B12废水的最佳工艺条件：废水的pH为3．00,有机化膨润土的投加量为5g／L,PAC的投加量为6g／L,投加有机化膨润土后搅拌时间为30min时,废水的色度去除率可达到51．3％,处理成本为12．85元／t。O3氧化法的最佳条件：废水的pH保持不变,O3流量为5g／h,反应时间为2min,废水的色度去除率可达到68．8％,处理成本为0．96元／t。对比这2种方法,O3氧化法处理该废水成本更低、效率更高,并且能提高废水的可生化性以便后续处理。     

混凝—Fenton法深度处理维生素B12废水

采用混凝—Fenton法深度处理维生素B12废水,考察各操作参数对COD和色度去除效果的影响。实验结果表明：当混凝pH 4.5、聚合硫酸铁加入量300 mg/L、氧化pH 4.0、H2O2加入量420 mg/L、FeSO4?7H2O加入量334 mg/L、Fenton反应时间3 h时,混凝—Fenton法对维生素B12废水的深度处理效果较好,总COD和总色度的去除率分别为62.1%和90.0%;与Fenton法相比,混凝—Fenton法COD和色度去除率的提高率分别为17.4%和13.8%,且药剂成本降低了21.6%。     

“十二五”新疆主要污染物总量控制工作成效分析

"十二五"期间,新疆在社会经济快速发展的背景下,主要污染物总量控制工作逐步深入推进,四项主要污染物排放总量得到了有效的控制,区域环境质量总体稳定,通过对"十二五"新疆主要污染物总量控制工作取得的成效、存在的问题进行分析,为"十三五"新疆总量控制工作提出建议。     

两性修饰红薯渣对紫色土吸附Cu2+的影响

采用十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱对红薯渣（R）做两性修饰,修饰比例分别为0、100%和200%,将得到的3种两性修饰红薯渣（R、100BS-R和200BS-R）以1%质量分数加入紫色土（PS）中,制成PS（对照）、PSR、PS100BS-R和PS200BS-R 4种混合土样。用批量处理法探究各供试土样对Cu2+的吸附等温特征,并考察温度、pH值和离子浓度对Cu2+吸附的影响。结果表明：各混合土样对Cu2+的吸附等温线均符合Langmuir模型,最大吸附量为99.46 mmol/kg~136.53 mmol/kg,Cu2+吸附量呈现PS200BS-R>PS100BS-R>PSR>PS的趋势。温度和pH值升高均有利于Cu2+被吸附,当离子浓度为01 mol/L时吸附效果最佳。     

"十二五"环境规划中应对气候变化问题的思考

气候变化对我国社会、经济与环境的协调可持续发展影响日趋严重,把应对气候变化问题纳入国家环境规划必要且适时.在分析行为效益、实施成本、适应性排放和国际因素的基础上,提出我国"十二五"环境规划中应同时考虑"减缓"和"遥应"行为应对气候变化并权衡二者优先次序,采用以适应为主的"单效"方案,将自然承载力、生产系统、社会人居环境三个层次和自然生态系统、水资源、灾害与风险、低碳经济、敏感部门、城市化环境效应、海岸带等7个相关主要问题作为规划应对气候变化的熏点领域.