基于SP12汽车安全胎压监测系统设计与实现

为了降低胎压监测系统的功耗和优化胎压监测系统的显示方式,设计了一种基于SP12传感器的安全胎压监测系统方案。从硬件和软件两方面描述了系统的设计实现方法。在硬件设计上,采用车载电源和充电电池两种方式对主机进行供电,同时,系统应用SP12多功能传感器降低功耗。在软件设计上,着重介绍了轮胎采集模块和中央显示模块的设计。为进一步优化系统的显示方式,中央显示模块采用带触摸屏的LCD显示器作为人机交互接口。实际测试结果表明,该系统可实时监测每个轮胎内部的实际温度、压力和电压,确定故障轮胎并实时报警,有效避免爆胎事故的发生。另外,系统在安全性、低功耗以及可靠性方面具有一定的优势,这也符合智能车辆研究的发展趋势。     

Biosorption of Direct Yellow 12 from aqueous solution using green alga Ulva lactuca

The potential of commonly available green alga Ulva lactuca was investigated as viable biomaterials for removal of synthetic azo dye (Direct Yellow 12, DY-12) from aqueous solution. The results obtained from the batch experiments revealed that the ability of the U. lactuca to remove DY-12 from its aqueous solution was dependent on the dye concentration, pH, and algal biomass but less dependent on the particle size of the U. lactuca. The equilibrium conditions and kinetics of adsorption were investigated, and the adsorption kinetic was consistent with the pseudo-second-order model (R ²=1). The adsorption isotherm followed only the Freundlich model with a correlation coefficient R ²=0.99. This study demonstrated that the U. lactuca could be used as an effective biosorbent for the removal of DY-12 from its aqueous solution.     

杭州典型区域C2-12质量浓度变化及臭氧潜势量分析

利用荷兰Synspec公司的GC955-611/811在线气相色谱系统于2006年9月20日—10月11日对杭州市区5个典型区域的ρ(C2-12)进行了自动连续监测. 结果表明:ρ(C2-12)以次干道最高(为189.0 μg/m3),主干道次之(为165.6 μg/m3),云栖清洁对照区最低(为109.9 μg/m3).下沙经济开发区的C2-12主要来自化工企业的排放,云栖清洁对照区主要来自植被排放,其他区域主要来自机动车排放.各区域芳烃以甲苯、乙苯等苯系物为主,均占芳烃总量的90%左右;烷烃中w(正己烷)最高;烯烃中异丁烯,1,3-丁二烯的含量最高;各组分最大臭氧潜势量在5个典型区域中均以异丁烯、甲苯较大.      

Valuation of natural capital under uncertain substitutability

Natural capital is complex to value notably because of the high uncertainties surrounding the substitutability of its future ecosystem services. We examine a Lucas economy in which a consumption good is produced by combining different inputs, one of them being an ecosystem service that is partially substitutable with other inputs. The growth rate of these inputs and the elasticity of substitution evolve in a stochastic way. We characterize the socially efficient ecological discount rates that should be used to value future ecosystem services at different time horizons. We show that the inverse of the elasticity of substitution can be interpreted as the CCAPM beta of natural capital. We also show that any increase in risk of this beta reduces the ecological discount rate. If our collective beliefs about the elasticity of substitution of ecosystem services are Gaussian, the ecological discount rates go to minus infinity for finite maturities. In that case, a marginal increase in natural capital has an infinite value. We provide a realistic calibration of the model that is coherent with observed asset prices by using the model of extreme events of Barro (2006). The bliss maturity for infinite discount factors is less than 100 years in this calibration.     

Bag leakage: The effect of disposable carryout bag regulations on unregulated bags

Leakage occurs when partial regulation of consumer products results in increased consumption of these products in unregulated domains. This article quantifies plastic leakage from the banning of plastic carryout bags. Using quasi-random policy variation in California, I find the elimination of 40 million pounds of plastic carryout bags is offset by a 12 million pound increase in trash bag purchases—with small, medium, and tall trash bag sales increasing by 120%, 64%, and 6%, respectively. The results further reveal 12–22% of plastic carryout bags were reused as trash bags pre-regulation and show bag bans shift consumers towards fewer but heavier bags. With a substantial proportion of carryout bags already reused in a way that avoided the manufacture and purchase of another plastic bag, policy evaluations that ignore leakage effects overstate the regulation's welfare gains.     

Too hot to handle: The effects of high temperatures during pregnancy on adult welfare outcomes

This paper studies the long-term effects of high temperatures during pregnancy on later-life outcomes for Chinese adults. Adults experienced one additional high-temperature day during in utero period, on average, attain 0.02 fewer years of schooling, increase the risk of illiteracy by 0.18%, achieve lower standardized word-test score by 0.48%, and are shorter by 0.02 cm. The impacts are greater in the first and second trimesters. Additionally, we find that income effects represent one important channel to explain the adverse effects of hot weather. Back-of-the-envelope predictions suggest that by the end of the 21st century, a 0.14–0.54 reduction in years of education and a 0.21–0.84 cm reduction in height is likely to result from climate change, ceteris paribus.     

Alkaline phosphatase activity in amniotic fluid in pregnancies with fetal disorders

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was determined in 255 amniotic fluid samples collected by amniocentesis between 15 and 39 weeks of gestation. The samples were originally used for chromosomal analysis and/or alpha-fetoprotein measurements. The mean ALP activity in early amniotic fluid from pregnancies with fetal trisomy 18 and 21 syndromes was half of that found in the controls. Highly elevated ALP activity (over 10 times the median level) was found in 14 samples. Two of these pregnancies had normal outcome. Three samples were from pregnancies with intrauterine fetal death. Fetal disorders, including abdominal wall defect (four cases), Meckel's syndrome (two), hydrops fetalis syndrome (two) and genital anomaly (one), were observed in nine cases. Moderately elevated ALP activity (over three times the median) was found in 10 cases, including five pregnancies with a preterm labour shortly after the sample collection. The results indicate that elevated ALP activity in the third trimester amniotic fluid is often associated with fetal disorders.     

熔融碱法处理CFC-12的研究

采用熔融碱法处理CFC-12,考察了不同因素对于CFC-12转化率的影响。结果表明：当进口气体浓度300-2527 mg/m3时,在有水蒸汽,反应温度720℃,温度越高越有利于CFC-12的转化,NaOH用量60 g,气体流量25mL/min处理效果好,CFC-12的转化率达到90%。而且CFC-12的分解产物被NaOH吸收固化,实现了CFC-12的无害化处理。     

海泡石酸改性及其对直接桃红12B的吸附研究

通过试验利用硝酸、盐酸和醋酸分别对海泡石进行改性,并利用改性后的海泡石处理直接桃红12B模拟染料废水,研究了海泡石的最佳改性条件和改性海泡石对模拟染料废水色度、COD的去除效果。结果表明:采用15%的硝酸改性12h后的海泡石处理直接桃红12B模拟染料废水的效果最理想,色度去除率达83.45%,COD去除率达73.99%。