稀土La3+掺杂Bi2WO6光催化降解活性艳红X-3B的研究

采用水热合成法制备稀土元素La3+掺杂Bi2WO6光催化剂并考察其对染料废水中活性艳红X-3B的光催化活性.通过X射线衍射、场发射扫描电镜、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、N2物理吸附-脱附等手段对合成材料的结构、形貌、光吸收等物理化学性能进行表征.结果表明,La3+掺杂量为5%时,其结晶度好、颗粒均匀、具有较强的可见光吸收性能,且比表面积比纯Bi2WO6提高30%以上,对X-3B的去除效果最好.另外,催化剂投加量、X-3B初始浓度、反应溶液pH等因素对La3+掺杂Bi2WO6光催化降解X-3B均有重要影响.     

Sorption of Triton X-100 on soil organic matter fractions：Kinetics and isotherms

Kinetics and isotherms of Triton X-100 sorption on soil,base-extracted soil(BE),humic acid (HA) and humin (HM) were investigated respectively to get better understanding on characteristics of the surfactant sorptiun onto different soil organic matters(SOMs).It was demonstrated that the kinetics results could be satisfactorily described by the pseudo-second order model.The half of the time to reach equilibrium(t1/2) for different sorbents followed the sequence of soil>HA>BE>HM.Furthermore,the calculated equilibrium sorption capacity(Ceq) was found in the sequence of HA>BE>HM>soil,which agreed well with the experimental results.The isotherms of Triton X-100 sorption on soil and HA could be well described by the S-type isotherm,but BE and HM by the L-type.The isotherms of all the four sorbents were found reasonably fitted to the Langmuir equation.The Kd value,defined as the ratio of Triton X-100 in sorbent and in the equilibrium solution for given concentrations,generally followed the order of HM>HA>soil>BE.Separated HM and HA showed high affinity for Triton X-100,but the HA and HM in soil and BE were tightly bounded by the minerals.Thus,the HA on the soil surface might dominate the sorption,whereas the bounded HM would play a key role upon the surfactants being penetrated inside the soil.     

便携式X荧光光谱仪的实测比对与应用

通过对不同土壤环境标准物质和留样进行实测比对,验证了不同品牌的便携式X荧光光谱仪在不同样品情况下的工作性能,然后根据测试结果的准确度、精密度、可比性和仪器的辐射安全性优选出可用的仪器品牌;并对便携式X荧光光谱仪在土壤监测中存在的问题进行了探讨。     

光合细菌球形红杆菌对活性艳红X-3B的脱色作用及其与质粒的关系

本文研究了光合细菌球形红杆菌在不同条件下对活性艳红Ｘ－３Ｂ的脱色效果及与质粒的关系。结果表明,球形红杆菌的培养条件对脱色效果有较大的影响,ｐＨ在６～９范围内２４ｈ脱色率均在８５％以上,最适ｐＨ稍偏碱为７～９;脱色的最适温度范围较宽,在１５℃～４０℃之间２４ｈ脱色率均在７５％以上;氧的存在对脱色是不利的,厌氧条件下的脱色效果远远高于好氧条件下的脱色效果。结果还表明,该菌株质粒在琼脂糖凝胶电泳图谱上仅有一条质粒带。通过高温吖啶橙处理,消除该菌株的质粒后,该菌株的脱色能力也随之消失,从而证明该菌株的脱色能力是由质粒控制的。     

电化学转盘法处理活性艳红X-3B废水

采用电化学转盘法处理模拟活性艳红X-3B染料废水,考察了电解槽电压、电化学转盘转速、废水pH、电解时间、电导率等因素对废水色度、总有机碳（TOC）去除率的影响。在废水pH为6、电解槽电压17V、电化学转盘转速70r／min、电导率1500μs／cm、电解时间60min的条件下,废水色度和TOC去除率分别达98．2％和57．2％。通过对活性艳红X-3B紫外-可见吸收光谱的分析,探讨了活性艳红X-3B的降解机理。     

Enhanced degradation of bioremediation residues in petroleum-contaminated soil using a two-liquid-phase bioslurry reactor

A study was performed to determine the potential of two-liquid-phase (TLP) bioslurry reactors using silicon oil as solvent for degradation of residual contaminants in petroleum-contaminated soil. The residues were characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. This allowed for the identification of a mixture of residual biomarkers, metabolic byproducts, oxygenated and hetero-polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the contaminated soil. The removal amount of total extractable organics (TEO) was 15 900 mg kg⁻¹ soil in the TLP reactor within 12 weeks. However, TEO remained intact in the bioslurry reactor without the addition of silicon oil for the duration of the experiment, due to high toxicity of metabolites to the microorganisms. The availability of TEO was calculated using a mild extraction with Triton X-100, and the amount of TEO extracted was in accord with the amount of biodegraded TEO. Significantly reduced toxicity in soil was observed at week 12 through TLP remediation. Dehydrogenase activity in the bioslurry reactor was strongly suppressed. Fluorescein diacetate was significantly hydrolyzed by the composition of bioremediation residues in the contaminated soil. Microbial adhesion to the solvent was revealed by the determination of microbial activity in the water-immiscible-liquid.     

交联壳聚糖／Cu2O复合颗粒可见光催化脱色活性艳红

利用壳聚糖对金属离子的吸附和螯合作用,通过简单的液相沉淀一还原过程一步原位合成了交联壳聚糖／Cu2O复合粒子。x射线衍射（XRD）和红外（FT—IR）测试结果表明,壳聚糖与Cu2O纳米微粒能有效复合。以活性艳红X-3B溶液为模拟印染废水,采用Langmuir-Hinshelwood假一级方程模拟交联壳聚糖／Cu2O复合粒子光催化脱色反应的动力学行为,从动力学角度系统研究染料初始浓度、反应体系pH、催化剂用量和反应体系气氛等因素对复合粒子可见光催化脱色反应速率的影响。结果表明,当染料溶液浓度较低时,光催化过程可视为假一级反应。降低活性艳红X-3B初始浓度和pH,增加催化剂用量和反应体系的含O2量都可显著增加光解脱色反应速率常数。相同条件下,与纯Cu2O相比,交联壳聚糖／Cu2O复合粒子对X-3B呈现出更好的吸附性和更高的可见光催化活性。     

Cloud point extraction coupled with HPLC-UV for the determination of phthalate esters in environmental water samples

A method based on cloud point extraction was developed to determine phthalate esters including di-ethyl-phthalate （DEP）, di- （2-ethylhexyl）-phthalate （DEHP） and di-cyclohexyl-phthalate （DCP） in environmental water samples using high-performance liquid chromatography separation and ultraviolet detection （HPLC-UV）. The non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 was chosen as extraction solvent. The parameters affecting extraction efficiency, such as concentrations of Triton X-114 and Na2SO4, equilibration temperature, equilibration time and centrifugation time were evaluated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the method can achieve preconcentration factors of 35, 88, 111 and detection of limits of 2.0, 3.8, 1.0 ng/ml for DEP, DEHP and DCP in 10-ml water sample, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amount of phathalate esters in effluent water of the wastewater treatment plant and the lixivium of plastic fragments.     

酸处理青霉菌对活性艳红X-3B的吸附动力学和热力学研究

采用青霉菌菌体作为吸附剂对染料活性艳红X-3B进行吸附研究,考察了染料的初始质量浓度、pH值和温度对菌体吸附能力的影响,并探讨了吸附动力学和热力学特性.结果表明,经硝酸处理后的菌体吸附能力明显增强,在pH值为3时,吸附量达到最大. 吸附过程可用准二级动力学方程来表达,平衡时吸附量的计算值和实验值吻合很好,相关系数可达0.999 8. 硝酸处理的菌体对活性艳红的吸附等温线可用Langmuir方程表达.当温度为25 ℃、30 ℃、35 ℃、40 ℃时,饱和吸附量分别为250.0 mg/g、322.6 mg/g、400 mg/g、416.7 mg/g.温度升高,吸附量增大,表明该吸附反应是吸热反应.根据热力学函数关系计算出ΔH＝35.13 kJ/mol,ΔS＝125.17 J/(mol·K),ΔG为-2.13～-4.03 kJ/mol,表明菌体对活性艳红的吸附是自发过程.     

土壤环境中活性X-3B红染料的吸附行为及影响因素

对土壤吸附活性X-3B红染料的速率进行了测定,表明可以划分为高速吸附、减速吸附、缓慢吸附和0(平衡)吸附4个阶段;但各土类在各不同的阶段,其吸附速率差异较大.通过对活性X-3B红染料的土壤吸附等温线的研究,发现其吸附行为与Langmuir方程相吻合;在此基础上的计算表明,该染料在土壤上的最大吸附量为:水稻土>红壤>棕壤>褐土.从环境因素的影响而论,模拟结果显示:当土壤有机质较低或气温下降,当土壤处于中性状态或水分过多和过少,均能通过减少其吸附量达到降低活性X-3B红染料在土壤环境中的积累.