曲霉菌丝球HX对偶氮染料的吸附脱色

采用富积和驯化方法选育出的曲霉菌丝球HX对不同种类染料表现出高效吸附性能，可在12h内完全吸附200mg／L的直接染料、分散染料及活性黄X-R的颜色，并且研究了碳源质量浓度、氮源质量浓度、盐度、培养条件及优化条件组合对菌丝球HX吸附活性艳红X-3B的影响，结果表明：随碳源质量浓度的增加，吸附率相应增加，质量浓度为10．0g／L以上时，72h及以上的吸附率大于92．3％；氮源质量浓度高于0．75g／L时对吸附率影响不大；随盐度增加，染料吸附率有所下降．在温度为25～35℃、染料培养基pH为5．0～7．0、供氧充足的条件下吸附率较高．在所筛选的最佳吸附条件下，菌丝球HX对活性艳红X-3B表现出了更好的吸附效果．图6表3参9     

超声/镁粉体系协同降解活性艳红

研究了超声/镁粉体系对偶氮染料活性艳红X-3B的降解效果,探讨了溶液pH值、声强、镁粉投加量、辐照时间等因素对染料脱色率的影响。结果表明,当溶液pH=3.5,声强=54.3W/cm2,镁粉投加量为2.122g/L时,20mg/L活性艳红溶液在超声辐照48min后脱色率达99.71%。同时探讨了超声波/镁粉体系的协同降解作用。超声波强化镁粉降解的能力主要表现在机械振荡加速了染料向镁粉表面的传质速度;加入镁粉促进超声产生大量·OH,强化了对染料的声化学脱色和降解。超声波/镁粉联用具有显著协同作用,服从动力学一级反应。     

Efficient removal of polybrominated diphenyl ethers from soil washing effluent by dummy molecular imprinted adsorbents: Selectivity and mechanisms

Surfactant enhanced elution is an effective method for removing hydrophobic organic pollutants from soils. The key to the development of leaching technology is selective removal of targeted pollutants in soil washing effluent and recycling of surfactant solutions. In this study, a molecular imprinting technique was applied to selectively sorb polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in soil washing effluent. The novel molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) using different template molecules were synthesized by precipitation polymerization. Adsorption behaviors and mechanisms of MIPs were studied through experiments and theoretical calculations. The results show that 4-bromo-4′-hydroxybiphenyl and toluene can be effective imprinting molecule for MIPs synthesis. The maximal adsorption capacity of selected dummy molecular imprinted polymer (D₁-MIP) was 1032.36 µmol/g, and that of part molecular imprinted polymer (P-MIP) was 981.13 µmol/g. Their imprinting factors in 5 PBDEs adsorption ranged from 2.13 to 5.88, the recovery percentage of Triton X-100 can reach 99.09%, confirming the feasibility of reusing surfactant. Various PBDEs could be removed by MIPs, and Quantitative Structure Property Relationship analysis revealed that PBDEs’ molecular volume, planarity, polarity, and hydrophobicity have major influences on their adsorption performance. DFT calculation revealed that Van der Waals force and hydrogen bonding played important roles during selective adsorption. These results can provide effective theoretical guidance for surfactant enhanced soil elution in practical engineering applications.     

Catalytic ozonation of reactive red X-3B in aqueous solution under low pressure: decolorization and OH· generation

Catalytic ozonation of Reactive Red X-3B in aqueous solution had been carried out in an ozone oxidation reactor where Mn-Fe-ceramic honeycomb was used as the catalysts. The presence of Mn-Fe-ceramic honeycomb catalyst could obviously improve the decoloration efficiency of Reactive Red X-3B and the utilization efficiency of ozone compared to the results from non-catalytic ozonation. Adsorption of Reactive Red X-3B had no obviously influence on the degradation efficiency. Addition of tert-butanol significantly decreased the degradation efficiency, indicating that the degradation of Reactive Red X-3B followed the mechanism of hydroxyl radical (OH·) oxidation. The operating variables such as reaction pressure and ozone supply had a positive influence on the degradation efficiency, mainly attributing to facilitate the ozone decomposition and OH· formation.     

玻璃纤维负载P25光催化接触氧化活性艳红X-3B

在玻璃纤维上焙烧P25制备了负载型TiO2光催化剂,探讨了焙烧温度对催化活性的影响,设计了光催化接触氧化反应器,并以活性艳红X-3B为模型污染物,考察溶液pH值、共存阴离子(CO₃^2-、SO₄^2-、Cl-)对光催化反应的影响.结果表明,焙烧温度直接影响负载后催化剂的活性,300℃负载时活性最高,SEM照片显示此时P25与载体结合牢固、负载颗粒均匀.酸性条件对活性艳红X-3B的降解有利,当溶液初始pH由2.0上升到10.0时,活性艳红X-3B的降解率从90.06%下降至42.71%.共存的CO₃^2-、SO₄^2-对活性艳红X-3B降解的影响不大,但Cl^-对氧化过程有明显的抑制,使活性艳红X-3B的降解率下降17.03%.利用成熟的光催化剂P25,通过烧结的方法制备负载型催化剂是当前替代粉末催化剂的较为可行的方案.     

A fast and reliable method for quantitative determination of total mercury in vegetables

A cloud-point extraction (CPE) process using the nonionic surfactant, polyethylene glycol tert octylphenyl ether (Triton X-114) was employed for determination of Hg(II) ions in aqueous solutions. The method is based on the ion-pairing reaction of Hg(II) with Pyronin B (PyrB⁺) in the presence of excess iodide at pH 6.0 and extraction of the complex formed. The chemical variables affecting CPE efficiency were studied, and the analytical characteristics of the method were obtained. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 1–40 μg L^?1 with the detection limits of 0.35 and 0.30 μg L^?1 at 556 and 521 nm. Selectivity was also tested. The coefficients of variation of the method are 2.4% and 5.2% for five replicate measurements of mercury at levels of 10 and 25 μg L^?1, respectively. The results obtained for two certified reference samples were in a good agreement with the certified values. The method was applied to the determination of total mercury in vegetable samples.     

Bi2WO6可见光催化降解活性艳红X-3B的研究

采用水热合成法制备Bi2WO6催化剂,并通过XRD,UV-vis DRS等手段对其进行表征;以活性艳红X-3B为目标污染物,研究催化剂量、X-3B初始浓度、反应溶液pH值以及H2O2等因素在可见光辐射下对其光催化降解效果的影响.结果表明,所制备的Bi2WO6催化剂结晶度好,具有较强的可见光吸收能力;最佳催化反应条件为: X-3B初始浓度20mg/L,Bi2WO6用量2g/L, pH5.18(原始pH值).在此条件下,光照60min,对X-3B的去除率可达到86%;加入2mL/L 30%的H2O2,光照30min,降解率可达到96%以上,降解反应符合一级反应动力学.光催化反应可以有效地破坏X-3B的发色基团偶氮结构使其脱色,但在所设定的反应时间(80 min)内X-3B不能被完全矿化,反应过程中有中间产物生成.     

Triton X-100在黄土上的吸附行为及影响因素

水土体系下,应用批实验法研究了Triton X-100在天然黄土上的吸附行为与平衡时间、Triton X-100浓度、溶液离子强度和pH值的关系.结果表明,Triton X-100在黄土中的吸附平衡时间约为30 min,其吸附动力学符合一级动力学模型,相应拟合参数Qe、k1、r2分别为3.041 mg·g-1、0.102 min-1、0.993 4.吸附等温线明显为非线性,在利用的4种等温吸附模型中,Sips模型对实验数据提供了最佳的拟合,其拟合参数Qmax和r2分别为3.202 mg·g-1和0.998 7.溶液离子强度和pH值对Triton X-100在黄土上的吸附有显著的影响,其吸附量随NaCl浓度的增加而明显增加,随pH增加而降低.     

活性艳红X-3B的Fenton氧化降解机理研究

采用UV-Vis、IR和GC-MS研究了X-3B的Fenton降解机理,结合X-3B的结构和亲电理论,提出了其Fenton氧化降解路径。染料分子首先在-N=N-C靠近萘环的C-N和C-NH两处断裂,产生三种中间产物:邻羟基重氮苯内盐、萘醌和4,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪-2-氨。邻羟基重氮苯内盐释放出N2,即偶氮基团的氮原子转化为N2,而其他氮原子被氧化为NO3-。染料中的C、H、S和Cl原子分别矿化为CO2、H2O、SO42-和Cl-,但部分有机碳仍存在于难以被.OH氧化降解的草酸-Fe3+络合物中。     

活性艳红水溶液的光助还原脱色反应机理研究

基于紫外辐照/硼氢化钾/亚硫酸氢钠(UV/KBH4/NaHSO)3体系下对活性艳红X-3B进行还原脱色反应,重点探讨了该体系下还原降解活性艳红X-3B的反应机理,考察了硼氢化钾和亚硫酸氢钠的摩尔比(B/S)、辐射光强对其反应机理的影响。结果发现,UV/KBH4/NaHSO3处理染液具有明显协同作用,初步推测光助硼氢化钾和亚硫酸氢钠还原活性艳红X-3B的脱色反应是SO2-参与的自由基反应;脱色反应的B/S最佳摩尔比为1:30;增加辐射光的强度对染液的还原脱色反应过程具有明显的促进作用。