紫外消毒器辐射剂量模拟与设备设计

基于拉格朗日方法建立了耦合流体流动、紫外光强辐射与粒子辐射剂量的数值计算模型.利用该模型对工业尺寸的紫外消毒设备进行了模拟计算,获得了消毒设备内的场量信息;展示了利用CFD模拟优化设计紫外消毒反应器的方法;讨论了设置挡板和改变灯管布置2种方式对粒子辐射剂量的影响,计算结果表明,调整辐射场对紫外消毒设备性能的改善程度明显高于改变流动状态.     

A novel kinetic procedure for the determination of iron in environmental samples

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｉｒｏｎｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｉｔｓｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅｉｎｂｉｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌａｎｄｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｓｔｕｄ...     

Comparison of degradation reactions of Acid Yellow 61 in both oxidation processes of H2O2/UV and O3

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣｏｌｏｒｓｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅｓｉｎｄｙｅｉｎｇｅｆｆｌｕｅｎｔｓｎｏｒｍａｌｌｙｃａｕｓｅｃｅｒｔａｉｎｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｉｅｓｉｎｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｄｙｅｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅｓａｒｅｈｉｇｈｌｙｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｄｐｏｌｙｍｅｒｓａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｔｏｘｉｃｉｔｙ (Ｈａｍｚａ ,1980 ;Ｇｉｎｏｃｃｈｉｎｉｏ ,1984 ;ＭａＫａｙ ,1980 ) .Ｉｔｉｓｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｙｔｏｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｔｈｅｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｅ…     

湿式消解法对冷原子吸收测定生物样品中汞产生的干扰

用不同的湿式消解法对多种生物样品的进行消解测定,分析了实验的干扰因素,并推荐了比较适宜的消解方法。     

An experimental test of female choice relative to male structural coloration in eastern bluebirds

Several experimental studies have shown that female birds use ornamental melanin and carotenoid plumage coloration as criteria in mate choice. Whether females choose mates based on natural variation in structural coloration, however, has not been well established. Male eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) display brilliant ultraviolet (UV)-blue plumage coloration on their head, back, wings, and tail, which is positively correlated with condition, reproductive effort, and reproductive success. We experimentally tested the hypothesis that female eastern bluebirds prefer as mates males that display brighter structural coloration by presenting breeding-condition females with males of variable coloration. We conducted two types of mate-choice experiments. First, females chose between males whose coloration was manipulated within the natural range of variation in the population; feathers were either brightened with violet marker or dulled with black marker. Second, females chose between males with naturally dull or bright plumage coloration. In both manipulated and unmanipulated coloration trials, female choice did not differ significantly from random with respect to structural coloration. We found no support for the hypothesis that the UV–blue coloration of male eastern bluebirds functions as a criterion in female mate choice.     

高效液相色谱法测定土壤中农药灭多威的含量

采用甲醇超声萃取-高效液相色谱-紫外检测器的检测方法测定土壤中灭多威。色谱柱,采用依利特ODS25μm(4.6mm×250mm);淋洗液,采用V(乙腈)∶V(水)=25∶75;检测器,采用紫外,检测波长为235nm,灭多威在0.05~3mg/L范围内,其质量浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9998)。检测限0.002mg/kg,精密度RSD=1.15%,加标平均回收率为94.5%。本方法快速、简便、准确,便于普及。首次在国内建立了土壤中农药灭多威的检测方法,对保证食品安全和加强环境保护都有着重要的意义。     

新型杂环三氮烯类光度试剂与镍的显色体系研究

光度法检测微量镍发展的核心是制备高灵敏的显色剂,而杂环三氮烯类试剂由于其显色反应的灵敏度高、选择性好,是热点研究方向。本文以新合成的1-(偶氮苯基)-3-(3-硝基-2-吡啶)-三氮烯(简称AB-NPT)为显色剂,研究了它与镍的高灵敏显色体系,结果表明:在pH值为10.8~11.6范围内Na2B4O7-NaOH的缓冲溶液中,ABNPT在非离子表面活性剂Tween-100存在下与镍形成红色稳定的配合物,其最大吸收波长为535 nm。该显色体系大大提高了测定方法的选择性和抗干扰性,优于其它光度法测镍。采用此法用于矿样中微量镍的测定,结果令人满意,有较强的应用背景和社会效益。     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定生活垃圾堆肥中镍

通过试验研究,建立了硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解、火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定生活垃圾堆肥产品中的镍。该方法的检出限为5mg/kg(按称取0.5g试样消解定容至50ml计算),用于不同地域堆肥样品中镍的测定,其相对标准偏差(RSD)均在6.51%以下,加标回收率介于91.2%~102%之间,可作为一种较理想的检验堆肥产品质量的方法。     

分光光度法测定环境水样中铂的研究

研究了磺硝酚偶氮若丹宁(NSPAR)与铂的显色反应,在pH为2.5的氯乙酸—氢氧化钠缓冲介质中,吐温-80存在下,NSPAR与铂反应生成2∶1稳定络合物,络合物λmax=540nm,体系摩尔吸光系数?ˉ=6.94×104L·mol-1·cm-1。铂含量在0.05~2.0mg/L内符合比耳定律,本方法用于环境水样中铂含量的测定,结果满意。     

双波长分光光度法测定含硝酸盐水样中二甲基乙酰胺

紫外分光光度法是目前水中N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)的常用分析方法。研究结果表明,硝酸盐对紫外分光光度法测定DMAC具有很强的干扰。本研究中提出一种双波长法用于消除水中硝酸盐的干扰作用,所采用的波长对为194.0nm和219.0nm。精密度实验及加标回收实验表明,方法的相对标准偏差在4%以内,回收率为95%~102%,可有效消除硝酸盐的干扰作用。