Decolorisation of Acid Blue 74 by ultraviolet/H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript>

The photodegradation of Acid blue 74 in aqueous solution employing a H₂O₂/ultraviolet system in a photochemical reactor was investigated. The kinetics of decolorization were studied by application of a kinetic model. The results show that the reaction of decolorization followed pseudo-first order kinetics. We demonstrate that there is an optimum H₂O₂ concentration, at which the rate of the decolorization reaction is maximum. Irradiation at 253.7 nm of the dye solution in the presence of H₂O₂ results in complete discoloration after ten minutes of treatment.     

乙草胺和丁草胺在土壤中的紫外光化学降解

采用实验室模拟实验研究了水分、pH值和表面活性剂对乙草胺和丁草胺在土壤中的紫外光降解行为的影响。结果表明，在湿度80％的土壤中，丁草胺和乙草胺的光解深度及光解速率均大于无水条件。随土壤pH值的增大，丁草胺在土壤中的光降解速率加快和光解深度加深。低浓度的阴 离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（DDBS）促进丁草胺在土壤中的光解，使丁草胺在土壤中的光解深度增加。高浓度的DDBS对丁草胺在土壤中的光解有阻碍作用。阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（HDTMA）对丁草胺在土壤中的光解也有阻碍作用。     

紫外线辐射对人体的影响及其预报

世界气象组织规定了单位紫外线指数相当于25mw/m2的红斑加权剂量率 .紫外线指数预报大致可分为统计预报和模式预报两种方法.统计预报主要依赖于紫外线的实测资料和对相关气象要素的观测.而模式预报主要依赖于对平流层臭氧的预报和大气辐射传输模式的应用.     

pH校正最小二乘紫外分光光度法同时测定喹啉异喹啉和萘

利用ｐＨ校正最小二乘算法（ｐＨ—ＣＬＳ）对焦化废水中的喹啉、异喹啉、萘三组分进行了同时测定。在２９０～３４０ｎｍ范围内苯酚、三甲基吡啶及苯系物不干优测定。ｐＨ—ＣＬＳ法既可简化分析步骤又可提高准确度。     

A method for calculating the total ozone amount in the clear skies

Ａｍｅｔｈｏｄｆｏｒｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌｏｚｏｎｅａｍｏｕｎｔｉｎｔｈｅｃｌｅａｒｓｋｉｅｓ￥ＢａｉＪｉａｎｈｕｉ；ＷａｎｇＧｅｎｇｃｈｅｎ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＰｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏ...     

碱性品红紫外光度法测定水中亚硝酸盐氮

研究了碱性品红与亚硝酸根在硫酸 (或盐酸 )介质中的反应 ,建立了测定亚硝酸盐氮的新方法。方法的线性范围为 0～ 1 6 μg mL ,表观摩尔系数为 1 12× 10 4 L mol·cm。用于地表水、地下水的测定 ,结果与盐酸萘乙二胺比色法一致     

The impact of UV treatment on microbial control and DBPs formation in full-scale drinking water systems in northern China

To manage potential microbial risks and meet increasingly strict drinking water health standards, UV treatment has attracted increasing attention for use in drinking water systems in China. However, the effects of UV treatment on microbial control and disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation in real municipal drinking water systems are poorly understood. Here, we collected water samples from three real drinking water systems in Beijing and Tianjin to investigate the impacts of UV treatment on microbial control and DBP formation. We employed heterotrophic plate count (HPC), flow cytometry (FCM), quantitative PCR analysis, and high-throughput sequencing to measure microorganisms in the samples. Different trends were observed between HPC and total cell count (measured by FCM), indicating that a single indicator could not reflect the real degree of biological re-growth in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs). A significant increase in the 16S rRNA gene concentration was observed when the UV system was stopped. Besides, the bacterial community composition was similar at the phylum level but differed markedly at the genera level among the three DWDSs. Some chlorine-resistant bacteria, including potential pathogens (e.g., Acinetobacter) showed a high relative abundance when the UV system was turned off. It can be concluded that UV treatment can mitigate microbial re-growth to some extent. Finally, UV treatment had a limited influence on the formation of DBPs, including trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, and nitrogenated DBPs. The findings of this study may help to understand the performance of UV treatment in real drinking water systems.     

城市污水二级处理出水中不同种类PPCPs的臭氧氧化效果与机制研究

研究了臭氧氧化对城市污水二级处理出水中15种典型药品和个人护理品（PPCPs）的去除效果及O₃分子氧化和·OH自由基氧化的贡献.结果表明,PPCPs的臭氧氧化去除效果与其亲核官能结构特性相关,芳香胺结构为主的PPCPs易降解,烷基胺结构为主的PPCPs可部分降解,亲核特性较弱的双键为主的PPCPs难降解;在臭氧投加量为5.5 mg·L^-1条件下,这3类PPCPs的去除率为分别为大于95%、57%~68%和39%~57%.臭氧氧化过程中,O₃分子氧化和·OH自由基氧化均起重要作用.易降解PPCPs的氧化机制以O₃分子氧化为主,贡献率为82%~91%;可降解和难降解PPCPs的氧化机制以·OH自由基氧化为主,贡献率分别为48%~71%和66%~94%.二级出水中臭氧氧化过程中,UVA₂₅₄去除率可呈单线性或分段线性指示PPCPs的去除效率.     

光照对SO2在矿质氧化物表面非均相反应的影响

使用原位漫反射红外傅里叶变换光谱(DRIFTS)研究了SO_2在α-Al_2O_3、TiO_2、CaO和α-Fe_2O_3颗粒物表面的非均相反应,考察了紫外光光照(波长约365 nm)对SO_2在不同氧化物表面反应的影响.结果表明,无紫外光照射条件下,SO_2在TiO_2、α-Al_2O_3、CaO颗粒物表面反应的主要产物为亚硫酸盐;有紫外光照射条件下,SO_2在TiO_2、α-Al_2O_3、CaO颗粒物表面反应的主要产物为硫酸盐;但紫外光照射对SO_2在α-Fe_2O_3表面的反应并没有明显的影响.推测机理可能是光照促进了颗粒物表面的亚硫酸盐向硫酸盐的转化.