麦杆烟雾中半挥发性有机物的定性检测

城郊农村含湿量较高的麦杆就地焚烧,造成环境空气严重污染。本文采用模拟无组织排放污染源ＴＳＰ采样的方法,通过美国惠普公司生产的气相色谱—质谱联用仪对经前处理的样品进行分离及定性检测,确认了十四种有机化合物     

近场长周期强地震动幅值谱研究

本文研究了近场长周期强地震动加速度的傅氏谱和功率谱模型及其参数估计方法,基于强地震动参数统计上的无向性,提出了一种结合地震学模拟模型和工程学统计回归模型的综合方法。文中定义了强地震动平稳段均方根加速度的计算方法,并通过均方根加速度建立了震源力学参数和强地震动工程参数间的关系。通过对目前使用的主观持时定义的应用分析,指出主观持时定义使得估计的地震动过程的峰值加速度的变异性与实际地震动过程的峰值加速度的变异性有显著不同,明显偏小,这对于结构抗震可靠度分析可能会得到失效概度偏小的结果,应引起工程界的重视。     

FOURIER INFERENCE: SOME METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ARRAY AND NONGAUSSIAN SERIES DATA1

Fourier inference is a collection of analytic techniques and philosophic attitudes, for the analysis of data, wherein essential use is made of empirical Fourier transforms. This paper sets down some basic results concerning the finite Fourier transforms of stationary process data and then, to illustrate the approach, uses those results to develop procedures for: 1) estimating cloud and storm motion, 2) passive sonar and 3) fitting finite parameter models to nonGaussian time series via bispectral fitting. This last procedure is illustrated by an analysis of a stretch of Mississippi River runoff data. Examples 1), 2) refer to data having the form Y(x_j, y_j, t) for j = 1, …, J and t = 0, …, T-l say, and view that data as part of a realization of a spatial-temporal process. Such data has become common in geophysics generally and in hydrology particularly. The goal of this paper is to present some new statistical procedures pertinent to problems in the water sciences, equally it is to illustrate the genesis of those procedures and how their properties may be approximated.     

共沉淀—原子吸收法分析铁强化盐中的铁

本文采用原子吸收分光光度法,测定铁强化盐中微量铁。用数理统计方法检证了方法的可靠性。     

发动机典型寿命敏感件环境谱加速技术研究现状

对发动机寿命敏感件环境谱加速技术的研究现状进行分析。从加速环境谱的编制原则、编制方法以及当量关系的确定和验证等方面,详细介绍了加速环境谱的概念内涵。发动机的使用寿命主要受金属敏感件的腐蚀和非金属敏感件的老化制约,重点从常规加速腐蚀试验、多因素综合腐蚀试验和高温加速腐蚀试验等3个方面阐述了加速腐蚀试验方法。从液体介质老化、热氧老化、综合环境老化等方面介绍了以橡胶为代表的非金属加速老化试验方法。最后指出目前当量关系确定方法的局限性和多因素综合模拟方法研究方面的欠缺,提出应综合材料、腐蚀、力学、环境等多学科的相关理论和实践,制定更加科学合理的当量关系确定方法,以及注重新型试验设备的研发等建议。     

全自动消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中16种元素

采用HNO_3-HF-HClO_4消解体系,建立了全自动消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定土壤中~(75)As、~9Be、~(51)V、~(55)Mn、~(59)Co、~(60)Ni、~(63)Cu、~(66)Zn、~(98)Mo、~(111)Cd、~(138)Ba、~(205)Tl、~(208)Pb、~(107)Ag、~(52)Cr、~(121)Sb等16种元素的新方法。通过碰撞池技术和编辑干扰元素校正方程有效校正了质谱干扰,并用内标校正了土壤基体干扰。用土壤标准物质GSS-13验证该方法,其校准曲线相关系数大于0.999 9,方法检出限在0.005~0.5μg/g之间,RSD为0.22%~2.35%,加标回收率为92%~114%。采用该方法测定实际土壤样品,加标回收率为93%~123%。     

澳洲冷空气活动与长江中下游降水的联系分析

利用澳洲范围700 hPa温度场的再分析资料和长江中下游降水资料,通过谱分析方法,试析了澳洲冷空气活动对我国长江中下游主汛期降水的影响,并进一步分析了西太平洋副热带高压在此中起的作用。研究结果表明：在我国夏季,澳洲变温与涝年长江中下游主汛期的降水都具有77 d的周期,两者存在着77 d周期的遥相关,同时在77 d的周期两者呈现同位相振荡。也就表明在77 d的周期澳洲冷高压变动时经73 d后影响长江中下游降水。同时也得出澳洲冷高压强时,西太平洋副热带高压北移,长江中下游受西太平洋副热带高压控制,晴天少雨;澳洲冷高压弱时,西太平洋副热带高压南落,长江中下游处西太平洋副热带高压边缘,多降水天气。以上结论对长江中下游降水预报有一定的指示意义。     

垃圾渗滤液处理工艺中有机污染物的三维荧光光谱

利用荧光发射和三维荧光光谱研究了三峡库区某垃圾堆场的渗滤液及其处理工艺出水溶解性有机质(DOM)的荧光光谱特性。堆场渗滤液的DOM含有类酪氨酸、色氨酸及紫外区类富里酸,特征荧光峰中心位于E_x/E_m=275 nm/305 nm,为高激发波长类酪氨酸,与前人的研究结果并不一致,这可能与垃圾的堆放期有关。渗滤液和各处理工艺出水的荧光指数f_450/500均大于1.9,表明腐殖质主要为微生物源。渗滤液在处理前后荧光峰特征和强度均发生明显改变,类蛋白荧光强度与DOC值变化趋势基本一致。生化处理工艺中,类蛋白荧光强度降低了66.4%～95.5%,紫外区类富里酸荧光强度只降低了28.8%,显示类蛋白质具有良好的可生化性,而类富里酸相对较难生化降解。三维荧光光谱能反映渗滤液处理过程中污染物的种类、性质和数量等变化信息,能快速地进行定性分析、定量评价。     

Improving the Integration of Recreation Management with Management of Other Natural Resources by Applying Concepts of Scale from Ecology

In this article, we examine how issues of scale affect the integration of recreation management with the management of other natural resources on public lands. We present two theories used to address scale issues in ecology and explore how they can improve the two most widely applied recreation-planning frameworks. The theory of patch dynamics and hierarchy theory are applied to the recreation opportunity spectrum (ROS) and the limits of acceptable change (LAC) recreation-planning frameworks. These frameworks have been widely adopted internationally, and improving their ability to integrate with other aspects of natural resource management has significant social and conservation implications. We propose that incorporating ecologic criteria and scale concepts into these recreation-planning frameworks will improve the foundation for integrated land management by resolving issues of incongruent boundaries, mismatched scales, and multiple-scale analysis. Specifically, we argue that whereas the spatially explicit process of the ROS facilitates integrated decision making, its lack of ecologic criteria, broad extent, and large patch size decrease its usefulness for integration at finer scales. The LAC provides explicit considerations for weighing competing values, but measurement of recreation disturbances within an LAC analysis is often done at too fine a grain and at too narrow an extent for integration with other recreation and resource concerns. We suggest that planners should perform analysis at multiple scales when making management decisions that involve trade-offs among competing values. The United States Forest Service is used as an example to discuss how resource-management agencies can improve this integration.     

西藏阿里地表面太阳光谱观测

阿里位于青藏高原西部,是太阳能资源极其丰富的地区.本次在西藏阿里噶尔县(海拔4280 m,32°30′02″?N,80°06′01″?E)夏至日前后,对波长在280?—?1200 nm的太阳光谱进行了短期观测.结果显示:阿里2020年6月21日12:34,在482 nm波长处出现了太阳光谱辐射强度的最大值2.33 W·...