室内氨气污染的净化试验研究

近几年 ,由于建筑施工使用含氨的添加剂和使用室内装饰材料 ,造成现代建筑物室内氨气 (NH3)污染问题 ,严重影响了人们的工作和生活。本研究采用改性的吸附材料 ,在管道系统和封闭空间两种不同工况条件下 ,对以改性吸附剂做吸附材料的氨气净化装置进行净化性能的评价 ,为室内氨气污染的净化治理提供了新的思路。     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定生活垃圾堆肥中镍

通过试验研究,建立了硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解、火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定生活垃圾堆肥产品中的镍。该方法的检出限为5mg/kg(按称取0.5g试样消解定容至50ml计算),用于不同地域堆肥样品中镍的测定,其相对标准偏差(RSD)均在6.51%以下,加标回收率介于91.2%~102%之间,可作为一种较理想的检验堆肥产品质量的方法。     

基体改进剂对石墨炉原子吸收法测定钡的影响

根据EPA方法7081、ISO方法208.2测定钡的原理,添加基体改进剂,确定<基体改进剂石墨炉原子吸收法测定钡>方法灵敏度及测试条件.方法用于测量水中微量钡,结果令人满意.     

火焰原子吸收法测定水样铅含量的不确定度评定

实验室认可和资质认定都要求检测实验室具备评定测量不确定度的能力,现依据JJF1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》,对火焰原子吸收法测定水样中铅含量进行不确定度评估,分析测定过程中不确定度来源,量化不确定度分量,求出合成不确定度和扩展不确定度,给出测定结果的表示式。     

七虎林河流域上游溶解性有机质光谱特性分析

七虎林河源头区地表腐殖质随着径流的冲刷进入水体,形成了天然有机质(NOM),其中,溶解性有机质(DOM)易对河流水质造成影响。为了研究七虎林河中DOM的时空分布特征及其对水质的影响,开展了6次采样,分析了水体及土壤吸收光谱和荧光光谱特征参数,利用平行因子(PARAFAC)算法解析了水体DOM的特性及来源。结果表明：七虎林河上游水体五日生化需氧量(BOD₅)、高锰酸盐指数(COD_Mn)、化学需氧量(COD)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)的浓度分别为1.4 mg/L±0.2 mg/L、6.1 mg/L±3.0 mg/L、21 mg/L±8 mg/L、7.0 mg/L±3.2 mg/L,BOD₅/COD平均值为0.08,说明流域内水体DOM的可生化性差,对水质影响较小。光谱特征参数紫外吸收系数(SUVA₂₅₄)、荧光指数(FI)、腐殖化指数(HIX)、生物源指数(BIX)分析结果表明,七虎林河上游云山水库库上林区河段DOM的物质组成与水库及库下河段差异显著。库上河段DOM的芳香碳含量更高、分子量更大、自生源组分...     

气相分子吸收光谱法测定水中氨氮干扰因素的研究

气相分子吸收光谱法测定成分复杂氨氮实际样品时,干扰因素造成测定结果不准确,而现有的标准方法和文献对干扰物质的研究不全面,制约了仪器的应用。该文系统地开展干扰因素的研究,提出干扰因素的消除方法,用加标回收率验证消除的有效性。结果表明,亚硫酸盐、硫化物等还原性物质对测定产生负干扰;石油烃、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)等挥发性有机物、有机胺类以及亚硝酸盐对测定产生正干扰。根据不同干扰类型,通过加入适量酸性重铬酸钾溶液、在酸性条件下加热煮沸、预蒸馏等方法可消除干扰,消除干扰后加标回收率为84%~120%。生活污水、石化企业废水等6种典型水样消除干扰后,气相分子吸收光谱法和纳氏试剂分光光度法测定氨氮有较好的可比性,干扰消除方式有效。     

Resilience-based approach to safety barrier performance assessment in process facilities

The performance assessment of safety barriers is essential to find vulnerable elements in a safety barrier system. Traditional performance assessment approaches mainly focus on using several static indicators for quantifying the performance of safety barriers. However, with the increasing complexity of the system, emerging hazards are highly uncertain, making it challenging for the static indicators to assess the performance of safety barriers. This paper proposes a resilience−based performance assessment method for safety barriers to overcome this problem. Safety barriers are classified according to their functions first. The dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) is then introduced to calculate the availability function under normal and disruption conditions. The ratio of the system's availability, when affected by the disruption, to the initial availability, is used to determine the absorption capacity of the system. The ratio of the quantity of availability recovery to the total quantity of system represents the adaptation and restoration capacity of the system. The system's resilience is represented by the sum of absorption, adaptation, and restoration capacities. The wax oil hydrogenation process is used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology.     

一种新型热管固体除湿系统的设计与应用分析

目前的除湿系统大多单一,除湿效率不高,能源的利用率也相对较低。研究了一种热管与吸收式制冷的新型固体吸附除湿系统,提高了除湿效率和能源利用率。采用吸收式制冷对除湿过程中产生的吸附热进行降温,从而有效地提高吸附剂的除湿效率。吸收式制冷利用工厂余热和废热等低品位热源,对能源的利用范围很广。设计的系统是一种传热效率高、节能、除湿效率高的新型固体吸附除湿系统。     

Effects of amine, amine salt and amide on the behaviour of carbon dioxide absorption into calcium hydroxide suspension to precipitate calcium carbonate

The amount of carbon dioxide （CO2） absorption and calcium ion （Ca^2＋） concentration besides the pH of aqueous solution were observed during the COz absorption to precipitate calcium carbonate （CaCO3） from calcium hydroxide （Ca（OH）2）. A reaction rate-limiting effect of an amount of CO2 absorption without any organic additives in the early stage of the precipitation was observed, which was attributed to an interruption effect of bicarbonate ion （HCO3） on the precipitation of CaCO3. The improvement for the reaction rate was achieved not only by amine additives but also by neutral additives such as ε-caprolactam or amine salt. When the hexamethylene diamine was dissolved in the solution, successive change of crystal forms of CaCO3 aragonite to calcite in aqueous suspensions, confirmed by Ca^2＋ concentration change and X-ray diffraction, was concluded that a local environment around the amine group in aqueous solution and an interaction of the diamine with precipitated CaCO3 particles were important factors for these reactions.     

Enriching blast furnace gas by removing carbon dioxide

Blast furnace gas (BF gas) produced in the iron making process is an essential energy resource for a steel making work. As compared with coke oven gas, the caloric value of BF gas is too low to be used alone as fuel in hot stove because of its high concentrations of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. If the carbon dioxide in BF gas could be captured efficiently, it would meet the increasing need of high caloric BF gas, and develop methods to reusing and/or recycling the separated carbon dioxide further. Focused on this, investigations were done with simple evaluation on possible methods of removing carbon dioxide from BF gas and basic experiments on carbon dioxide capture by chemical absorption. The experimental results showed that in 100 minutes, the maximum absorbed doses of carbon dioxide reached 20 g/100 g with ionic liquid as absorbent.