污水紫外吸光度与COD的关系

利用紫外分光光度法直接测定污水中ＣＯＤ等诸因子，揭示自变量和应变量间的数理关系，简化ＣＯＤ等因子的监测。     

紫外分光光度法在混凝处理二沉池出水中的应用

本研究根据二沉池出水特点，指出了以260nm紫外光(E260)评价处理二沉池出水的理论依据，然后确定了E260与COD的关系式为：E260=0．008COD 0．083，最后以E260为评价指标，比较了三种无机混凝剂在不同pH值条件下对城市二沉池出水的COD去除效果。并确定了最佳混凝剂为三氯化铁(FC)及混凝条件：pH4．5，投药量32mg(Fe^3 )／1。     

紫外诱导氯化法处理偏二甲肼废水

研究了紫外诱导氯化法处理偏二甲肼废水,通过比较实验获得了较佳的工艺条件.结果表明,此法在pH值为5的条件下,采用紫外光诱导氯气氧化偏二甲肼,能有效处理偏二甲肼等肼类物质.     

Photochemical Behavior of Parathion in the Presence of Humic Acids from Different Origins

This paper reports the effect of ultraviolet radiation on the degradation of pesticide ethyl parathion in the presence of humic acids. Ethyl parathion was completely degraded in 300 min using an artificial lamp of 7.41 × 10^{? 10} einstein/s. Humic acid from peat did not influence the photochemical rate (k = 8.92 × 10^?3 min). However, in the presence of aquatic humic acid, the photochemical rate was higher (11.5 × 10^?3 min). The analytical determinations show the presence of p-nitrophenol and aminophenol in the reaction medium during the photochemical experiments. The kinetic of degradation in all experiments obeyed a first-order reaction pattern.     

Photo-oxidation and Photo-toxicity of Crude and Refined Oils

The fate and effects of an oil spill are effected by solar radiation through the action of photo-oxidation and photo-toxicity. Photo-oxidation, an important process in the weathering of oil, produces a variety of oxidized compounds, including aliphatic and aromatic ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, fatty acids, esters, epoxides, sulfoxides, sulfones, phenols, anhydrides, quinones and aliphatic and aromatic alcohols. Some of these compounds contribute to the marine biota toxicity observed after an oil spill. Photo-toxicity occurs when uptake of certain petroleum compounds, e.g. certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzothiophenes, is followed by solar exposure which results in much greater toxicity than after dark uptake. The mechanism of PAH photo-toxicity includes absorbance of solar radiation by the PAH which produces a free radical and this free radical in turn reacts with oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species that can damage DNA and other cellular macromolecules. While most studies on photo-toxicity have been carried out in the laboratory, there are studies showing that water from an oil spill is photo-toxic to bivalve embryos for at least a few days after the spill. Other studies have found that oil contaminated sediments are photo-toxic to several marine invertebrates. More studies are required to determine if marine fauna at an oil spill site are effected by the action of photo-toxicity and photo-oxidation.     

处理焦化废水中难生物降解的有机毒物的研究

研究了Fenton试剂(H₂O₂+Fe2+)在紫外光(UV)幅照下,氧化处理焦化废水中难被生物降解的有机毒物的可行性,并对反应条件进行了优化,结果表明此法对焦化废水中包括多环芳烃(PAH)的所有有机毒物都有较强的去除能力。但如何降低处理费用,有待进一步工作。      

紫外差分分析仪在烟气超低排放监测中的应用

随着节能减排政策的深入实施,关于烟气排放的标准也越来越严格,在超低排放的工程改造中,需要加大对固定污染烟气排放的实时监测,才能达到相应的规范和排放标准,因此紫外差分分析仪在烟气超低排放监测中得到了推广和应用,本文就烟气监测采样技术和分析方法进行分析,针对紫外差分分析仪的各项指标,通过实验室检测结果和最新国家标准之间的对比,对其超低排监测中的应用进行探讨。     

Distribution of Ultraviolet solar Radiation at Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia

The ultraviolet UV solar radiation flux is monitored over a fixed time interval to study the daily, monthly and annual variations for a nearly one decade in Riyadh. Mathematical expressions will be presented based on a comparison between theoretical and experimental values. It is believed that the present analysis of UV radiation suggest that the environmental effects led to a better understanding of UV scattering, UV reflection, ozone and clouds layers in Riyadh and other selected areas in the mid-east region.     

Size and resin fractionations of dissolved organic matter and trihalomethane precursors from four typical source waters in China

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its potential to form disinfection by-products (DBPs) during drinking water treatment raise challenges to water quality control. Understanding both chemical and physical characteristics of DOM in source waters is key to better water treatment. In this study, the DOM from four typical source waters in China was fractionated by XAD resin adsorption (RA) and ultrafiltration (UF) techniques. The trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) of all fractions in the DOM were investigated to reveal the major THM precursors. The fraction distributions of DOM could be related to their geographical origins in a certain extent. The dominant chemical fraction as THM precursors in the DOM from south waters (East-Lake reservoir in Shenzhen and Peal rivers in Guangzhou) was hydrophobic acid (HoA). The size fraction with molecular weight (MW) <1 kDa in both south waters had the highest THMFP. The results of cluster analysis showed that the parameters of fractions including DOC percentage (DOC%), UV₂₅₄%, SUVA₂₅₄ (specific UV₂₅₄ absorbance) and THMFP were better for representing the differences of DOM from the studied waters than specific THMFP (STHMFP). The weak correlation between SUVA₂₅₄ and STHMFP for either size or XAD fractions suggests that whether SUVA₂₅₄ can be used as an indicator for the reactivity of THM formation is highly dependent on the nature of organic matter.