双波长分光光度法测定含硝酸盐水样中二甲基乙酰胺

紫外分光光度法是目前水中N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)的常用分析方法。研究结果表明,硝酸盐对紫外分光光度法测定DMAC具有很强的干扰。本研究中提出一种双波长法用于消除水中硝酸盐的干扰作用,所采用的波长对为194.0nm和219.0nm。精密度实验及加标回收实验表明,方法的相对标准偏差在4%以内,回收率为95%~102%,可有效消除硝酸盐的干扰作用。     

US/UV协同催化氧化降解对氯苯酚的研究

选择掺杂过渡金属离子Fe^3 的纳米TiO2为催化剂，研究了US(超声波)／UV(紫外光)协同催化氧化水中对氯苯酚(4-CP)的降解效果，考察了对氯苯酚的起始浓度、超声波声强、溶液初始pH、饱和气体种类、反应温度和催化剂投加量对氯苯酚降解速率的影响．研究结果表明：US／UV协同催化氧化处理比单独超声波处理和光化学处理，4-CP降解速率提高了1．5～1．7倍，证实了声光联合技术具有明显的协同效应．     

分子吸收分光光度法中校准曲线斜率的探讨

本文从摩尔吸光系数ε出发，推算出分子吸收分光光度法中校准曲线的斜率b0，并确定出斜率值的允许范围。通过对我站历次所做校准曲线进行研究，发现它们的斜率范围与本文所确定的范围符合得较好。     

紫外线消毒技术在污水处理中的应用

我国日益突出的城市缺水和水污染问题使得污水回用受到重视，而消毒处理是其中关键，针对污水消毒处理中传统化学杀菌法的缺点，紫外线消毒法因其安全，易操作，杀菌快速有效的优点而有着广阔的应用前景。     

TiO2纳米管的水热合成表征及其光催化性能研究

采用水热化学反应的方法制备了TiO2纳米管,并采用TEM、XRD等分析手段对TiO2纳米管的形貌和晶相进行了表征,对比了管与粉的光催化性能.结果表明,采用该方法制得的TiO2纳米管的管径小、管形均匀,TiO2纳米管的光催化性能明显高于TiO2纳米粉.     

三氯化铁聚合过程中溶液吸光度的变化

本文报道了三氯化铁及聚氯化铁溶液的吸收光度，以及三氯化铁转化为聚铁化合物过程中吸光度的变化规律，建立了吸光度与实测盐基度及理论盐基度的相关方程，并考察了三氯化铁聚合过程中体系摩尔吸光系数的变化，提出根据摩尔吸光系数可以判断聚铁化合物的形态。     

Ultraviolet light-emitting diodes in water disinfection

Background, aim, and scope  The novel system of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV LEDs) was studied in water disinfection. Conventional UV lamps, like mercury vapor lamp, consume much energy and are considered to be problem waste after use. UV LEDs are energy efficient and free of toxicants. This study showed the suitability of LEDs in disinfection and provided information of the effect of two emitted wavelengths and different test mediums to Escherichia coli destruction. Materials and methods  Common laboratory strain of E. coli (K12) was used and the effects of two emitted wavelengths (269 and 276 nm) were investigated with two photolytic batch reactors both including ten LEDs. The effects of test medium were examined with ultrapure water, nutrient and water, and nutrient and water with humic acids. Results  Efficiency of reactors was almost the same even though the one emitting higher wavelength had doubled optical power compared to the other. Therefore, the effect of wavelength was evident and the radiation emitted at 269 nm was more powerful. Also, the impact of background was studied and noticed to have only slight deteriorating effect. In the 5-min experiment, the bacterial reduction of three to four log colony-forming units (CFU) per cubic centimeter was achieved, in all cases. Discussion  When turbidity of the test medium was greater, part of the UV radiation was spent on the absorption and reactions with extra substances on liquid. Humic acids can also coat the bacteria reducing the sensitivity of the cells to UV light. The lower wavelength was distinctly more efficient when the optical power is considered, even though the difference of wavelengths was small. The reason presumably is the greater absorption of DNA causing more efficient bacterial breakage. Conclusions  UV LEDs were efficient in E. coli destruction, even if LEDs were considered to have rather low optical power. The effect of wavelengths was noticeable but the test medium did not have much impact. Recommendations and perspectives  This study found UV LEDs to be an optimal method for bacterial disinfection. The emitted wavelength was found to be an essential factor when using LEDs; thus, care should be taken in selecting the proper LED for maximum disinfection.     

Feasibility of On-line Measurement of Sewage Components Using the UV Absorbance and the Neural Network

The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of a new method to improve the accuracy in the estimation of sewage components. Adding to the regression of sewage components with UV (ultraviolet) absorbance values, a proposed method considered an unclear but existing relationship among characteristic of sewage production. Sewage production showed very defined profiles due to the daily human activities. So the main idea was the combination of measuring the UV absorbance values and analyzing the characteristics of the sewage production. For this purpose, 446 sewage samples taken at every 2-h interval for 51 days at a wastewater treatment plant were statistically analyzed using neural network (NN). NN was trained with 350 data sets (about 29 days) of UV absorbance values, flow rate and time. And as a result, it could predict 96 data (12 days) as a validation, indicating that estimation accuracies were improved to higher level than those of the linear regressions. The proposed method could estimate concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphate (TP) within practical accuracies as well as total suspended solid.     

海水石油类分析的影响因素

石油类是衡量海水水质的重要指标,海洋石油的首要污染源是原油泄漏,因此海水石油类的具体成分与原油成分基本一致,主要为弱极性的烷烃、环烷烃和芳香烃。在3种国标分析方法中,紫外分光光度法的应用最为广泛。采用该法分析时,建议统一选择HJ油标准作为标准溶液,透光率90%的正己烷作为萃取剂,标准曲线斜率在斜率控制图内的上下辅助限之内;萃取过程中调节水样p H值2,人工萃取时间120 s,萃取后不能立即分析时,在5℃冰箱内保存不超过2周。