中国医科大学附属第一医院综合废水处理及回用工程实践

中国医科大学附属第一医院 (简称中国医大一院 )建设综合污水处理及中水回用工程 ,提高了水的重复使用率 ,并将生产的中水回用至新病房大楼作为冲厕用水及院区景观绿化用水 ,在减少污水排放量的同时 ,取得了显著的环境效益和经济效益。     

Distribution of aluminum species and the characteristics of structure of poly-aluminum-chloride-sulfate(PACS)

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＰｏｌｙａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍｃｈｌｏｒｉｄｅ (ＰＡＣ) ,ｗｈｉｃｈｗａｓｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｉｎｔｈｅ 1960’ｓｉｎＪａｐａｎ ,ｈａｓｃｏｍｅｔｏｂｅｕｓｅｄｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｌｙｉｎ ｐｌａｃｅｏｆａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍｓｕｌｆａｔｅｉｎｗａｔｅｒａｎｄｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｉｔｓａｂｉｌｉｔｙｔｏａｃｈｉｅｖｅａｄｅｑｕａｔｅａｇｇｒｅｇａｔｉｏｎｅｖｅｎａｔｌｏｗｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｓａｎｄｔｏｆｏｒｍｆｌｏｃｓｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙｒａｐｉｄｌ…     

Prenatal diagnosis of xeroderma pigmentosum and cockayne syndrome

In a study of fetal cells from a series of 12 pregnancies in ten families at risk for the ultraviolet light-sensitive, DNA repair-deficient diseases xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) and Cockayne syndrome (CS), we detected one XP and two CS homozygote fetuses. The diagnoses were confirmed by analysis of fetal skin fibroblasts or second amniotic samples after termination of the pregnancies. The measurement of ultraviolet light sensitivity and DNA repair depended on properties common to the seven excision repair-deficient XP complementation groups (A-G) and the two CS complementation groups (A, B). No XP variant families were included in the study, because the variant requires different testing techniques. Reliable and rapid diagnosis proved possible in all but one of the 12 pregnancies, supporting the use of these methods until the spectrum of mutations in the various XP and CS genes of the U. S. population is fully characterized and a DNA sequence-based diagnostic procedure becomes available.     

Prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis of radial-ray aplasia and renal anomalies (acro-renal syndrome)

Prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis of a rare case of radial ray aplasia and crossed renal ectopy is described in an affected sibling of a family where the father and his son suffer from this rare syndrome. The prenatal diagnosis enabled early pregnancy termination.     

UV-US-O3联用处理高浓度有机废水的研究

本研究利用UV-US-O3联用处理废水.结果表明,UV-US-O3联用的处理效果大大高于单一紫外、单一臭氧及单一超声波处理的去除效率之和,UV-US-O3联用具有极好的协同效应.另外,本研究还考察了pH值、臭氧流量、超声波声能密度、处理时间的变化对处理效果的影响.     

紫外线杀菌效能的研究

自来水的消毒目前普遍采用氯及含氯化合物药剂，消毒过程中产生三卤甲烷等致癌或致突变物质，从而造成水体的二次污染，许多国家已经禁止在消毒中使用含氯药剂。因此，具有安全可靠高效杀菌作用的紫外线消毒技术逐渐发展起来，并越来越受到人们的关注。但是紫外线的使用也有一定的限制，通过紫外线照射时间及进水浊度的变化，研究了具有一定照射强度的紫外灯的杀菌效能变化，并得出了紫外线具有最佳杀菌效果的进水极限浊度和照射时间。同时还研究了紫外线对具有不同抗性的细菌的系灭效率，为饮用水和污水的消毒处理提供了实验基础。     

光化学氧化技术去除水中有机污染物的试验研究

以自来水为试验对象，对紫外－臭氧和紫外－二氧化钛两种光化学氧化技术对水中微量有机污染物的去除进行了试验研究，结果表明两种工艺的UVA（紫外吸光度）去除率均达到80％以上，对氯仿的去除也均能达到国家饮用水标准。在此基础上，自制了一种催化剂膜，并取得了预期的处理效果，有望在新型净水技术及设备的研制和开发上得到应用。     

基于光谱技术的土壤多参数快速检测进展与展望

传统的土壤采样和实验室分析方法往往工作量大、前处理复杂、测定周期长、时效差、费用高,因此,迫切需要寻找快速、准确的土壤多参数检测方法,以实现多尺度土壤属性数据的快速获取与更新。系统梳理了便携式X射线荧光光谱(PXRF)、可见光-近红外反射光谱(Vis-NIR)、激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)和电弧发射光谱(AES)等光谱技术的原理、特点以及在土壤多参数快速检测中的应用及其研究进展。提出,未来在提高现有土壤多参数光谱检测精度和适用性的基础上,应结合ICP-MS等传统实验室方法,综合应用多种光谱技术以及化学计量学、现代信息技术和空间分析技术等,实现区域多种土壤属性的快速获取与实时监测,以满足我国当前土壤多参数、高精度快速检测及土壤质量精细化管理的需要。     

地表水中石油类红外法与紫外法测定结果的比对

进行了红外光度法与紫外分光光度法测定混合油样、闽江干流水样和内河水样中石油类的比对试验 ,试验表明 ,两法所测结果相差较大 ,以红外法所得结果较符合水体实际情况 ,提出了红外光度法测定时的注意事项     

Partial characterization,UV-induction and photoprotective function of sunscreen pigment,scytonemin from Rivularia sp. HKAR-4

Scytonemin, located in the extracellular polysaccharide sheath of some cyanobacterial species is considered an efficient natural photoprotectant against lethal doses of ultraviolet (UV) radiations. In the present study, scytonemin from the cyanobacterium Rivularia sp. HKAR-4 was partially characterized and investigated for its induction by UV radiation as well as its role in photoprotection. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode-array detection studies revealed the presence of an UV-absorbing compound with absorption maximum at 386 nm. Based on its absorption spectrum and ion trap liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis, the compound was confirmed as scytonemin. In comparison to photosynthetically active radiation, a significant induction in the synthesis of scytonemin was found under UV-stress. Scytonemin also exhibited efficient photoprotective ability by detoxifying the in vivo reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by UV radiation and by reducing the formation of thymine dimers. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on the UV-screening effects of scytonemin on in vivo ROS generation and thymine dimer formation in any cyanobacterial strain. Based on these findings, we conclude that scytonemin may play a vital role in the survival and sustainability of cyanobacterial life in adverse environmental conditions such as under high solar irradiances.