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331.
332.
德国发展环境保护的举措与实效 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
德国政府在改善生态环境,治理环境污染方面采取了一系列行之有效的措施。通过对大气、水源、噪声、废物等污染源的治理,改善了人们的生存环境;行政手段与经济手段并举,加快了产业结构的调整和能源结构的升级,为德国社会和经济的可持续发展奠定了基础。 相似文献
333.
黄久清 《石油化工环境保护》1997,(2):47-48
对居民区大气的主要污染物、烟尘、SO_2、TSP等分布情况进行了分析和预测。结果表明,随着城市建设的发展,能源消耗的增加,将使大气环境进一步恶化。只有以强化管理为手段,以规划目标为导向,着重以改善市区能源结构入手,是改变大气环境质量的根本措施。 相似文献
334.
论述了在建立新的社会主义市场经济体制的进程中,监测站要想增强活力,必须走向市场。阐述了监测站走入市场后必奖促进监测事业的发展,提高监测总体技术水平。 相似文献
335.
开发垃圾能源 保护城市环境 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了垃圾焚烧处理法的国内外概况以及一种国产化的垃圾焚烧炉等. 相似文献
336.
调整能源结构,减少大气污染物排放 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
上海在“十五”期间能源结构调整的重点为严格控制煤炭消费总量,加强煤炭洁净利用;加快电网建设和改造,优化电源结构;扩大天然气利用,建设天然气管网系统;建立能源安全供应体系,加强能源储备,到2005年,经过能源结构调整,煤炭在能源消费中的比重将下降到55%以下, 天然气和外来电能将上升到10%左右,与2005年的基础情景比较,实施能源结构调整后,上海将分别减少SO2和PM10排放量18万t和2.8万t,全市SO2和PM10排放总量可控制在45.7万t和12.4万t,与2000年基本持平。 相似文献
337.
Integrating mitigation and adaptation into climate and development policy: three research questions 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The potential for developing synergies between climate change mitigation and adaptation has become a recent focus of both climate research and policy. Presumably the interest in synergies springs from the appeal of creating win–win situations by implementing a single climate policy option. However, institutional complexity, insufficient opportunities and uncertainty surrounding their efficiency and effectiveness present major challenges to the widespread development of synergies. There are also increasing calls for research to define the optimal mix of mitigation and adaptation. These calls are based on the misguided assumption that there is one single optimal mix of adaptation and mitigation options for all possible scenarios of climate and socio-economic change, notwithstanding uncertainty and irrespective of the diversity of values and preferences in society. In the face of current uncertainty, research is needed to provide guidance on how to develop a socially and economically justifiable mix of mitigation, adaptation and development policy, as well as on which elements would be part of such a mix. Moreover, research is needed to establish the conditions under which the process of mainstreaming can be most effective. Rather than actually developing and implementing specific mitigation and adaptation options, the objective of climate policy should be to facilitate such development and implementation as part of sectoral policies. Finally, analysis needs to focus on the optimal use and expected effectiveness of financial instruments, taking into account the mutual effects between these instruments on the one hand, and national and international sectoral investments and official development assistance on the other. 相似文献
338.
Guang Sun Gang Zhang Jingyong Liu Deniz Eren Evrendilek Musa Buyukada 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(9):124-137
An unavoidable but reusable waste so as to enhance a more circular waste utilization has been spent potlining (SPL) generated by the aluminum industry. The combustion mechanisms, evolved gasses, and ash properties of SPL were characterized dynamically in response to the elevated temperature and heating rates. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) results indicated an exothermic reaction behavior probably able to meet the energy needs of various industrial applications. The reaction mechanisms for the SPL combustion were best described using the 1.5-, 3- and 2.5-order reaction models. Fluoride volatilization rate of the flue gas was estimated at 2.24%. The SPL combustion emitted CO2, HNCO, NO, and NO2 but SOx. The joint optimization of remaining mass, derivative thermogravimetry, and derivative DSC was achieved with the optimal temperature and heating rate combination of 783.5°C, and 5 °C/min, respectively. Interaction between temperature and heating rate exerted the strongest and weakest impact on DSC and remaining mass, respectively. The fluorine mainly as the formation of substantial NaF and CaF2 in the residual ash. Besides, the composition and effect of environment of residual solid were evaluated. The ash slagging tendency and its mineral deposition mechanisms were elucidated in terms of turning SPL waste into a benign input to a circular waste utilization. 相似文献
339.
上海市大气污染防治现状与对策 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
通过对“九五”期间上海大气污染防治工作的回顾,以及环境空气质量现状、污染源排放情况和污染物分担率的分析,总结了取得了成效和主要存在的问题,着重提出了今后一个阶段上海大气污染防治的基本目标、主要任务和重点措施。 相似文献
340.
ke Berg 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2002,90(3):587
Plantations of short-rotation coppice (SRC) have a potential for being a useful measure to stop the ongoing impoverishment of farmland biodiversity by increasing structural diversity, and decreasing cultivation intensity and use of pesticides in intensively managed farmland landscapes. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative importance of the structure of the plantation and composition of adjacent habitats for breeding birds in 41 SRCs (meansize±S.E.=9.4±1.6 ha). Mean number of species per ha in the SRCs was 2.8±0.3 species and there were more farmland birds (32 species, 808 territories) than forest birds (22 species, 400 territories). A major result of the present study was the strong influence of adjacent habitats on bird community composition (18 of 22 analysed species affected). There were large differences in bird communities between forest-bordered and open-bordered sites, but occurrence of residual habitats (i.e. other habitats than forest, pastures, shrub areas and arable fields) was also associated with occurrence of several species. The second factor of major importance for the bird fauna was the height of the plantations. Most species (14) were associated with tall plantations (>2 m), seven species were associated with plantations of intermediate (1–2 m) height, and six species were associated with plantations of low height (<1 m). A comparison of ecological traits between species classified as preferring SRC and species classified as avoiding SRC suggests that nest height was the only ecological character associated with a preference for Salix habitats, i.e. species with nests on the ground or in shrubs were more abundant in Salix habitats than in farmland landscapes in general. However, a broad spectrum of species was found in the SRCs and many of these seemed to be dependent on habitat features outside the plantations. Planting of Salix in intensively managed farmland plains will have positive effects on bird diversity by increasing the structural diversity of the landscape. In contrast, plantations on infields in forest-dominated landscapes will have negative effects, since the mosaic structure (i.e. mixture of open and forested habitats) positive for most farmland birds will disappear, and Salix plantations favour relatively few forest species. Additionally, Salix could be planted along sharp edges between coniferous plantations and open farmland in order to increase the complexity of the ecotone in intensively managed forest-farmland landscapes. 相似文献