Co-application of energy uncoupling and ultrafiltration in sludge treatment: Evaluations of sludge reduction,supernatant recovery and membrane fouling control

• Effects of metabolic uncouplers addition on sludge reduction were carried out. • TCS addition effectively inhibited ATP synthesis and reduced sludge yield. • The effluent quality such as TOC and ammonia deteriorated but not significantly. • Suitable dosage retarded biofouling during sludge water recovery by UF membrane. Energy uncoupling is often used for sludge reduction because it is easy to operate and does not require a significant amount of extra equipments (i.e. no additional tank required). However, over time the supernatant extracted using this method can deteriorate, ultimately requiring further treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using a low-pressure ultrafiltration membrane process for sludge water recovery after the sludge had undergone an energy uncoupling treatment (using 3,3′,4′,5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS)). Energy uncoupling was found to break apart sludge floc by reducing extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content. Analysis of supernatant indicated that when energy uncoupling and membrane filtration were co-applied and the TCS dosage was below 30 mg/L, there was no significant deterioration in organic component removal. However, ammonia and phosphate concentrations were found to increase as the concentration of TCS added increased. Additionally, due to low sludge concentrations and EPS contents, addition of 30–60 mg/L TCS during sludge reduction increased the permeate flux (two times higher than the control) and decreased the hydraulic reversible and cake layer resistances. In contrast, high dosage of TCS aggravated membrane fouling by forming compact fouling layers. In general, this study found that the co-application of energy uncoupling and membrane filtration processes represents an effective alternative method for simultaneous sludge reduction and sludge supernatant recovery.     

Are energy conservation and emission reduction policy measures effective for industrial structure restructuring and upgrading?

The use of energy conservation emission reduction policies to promote industrial restructuring and upgrading and thus facilitate energy conservation and emission reduction is one of the 10 important strategies of environmental management in China. The use of energy conservation emission reduction policies to promote industrial restructuring and upgrading and thus facilitate energy conservation and emission reduction is one of the important strategies of environmental management in China. Based on the systematic collection of 1,195 energy conservation emission reduction policies, we discuss the influence of individual measure and measure synergy of energy conservation and emission reduction policies respectively. The results show that the energy conservation and emission reduction policies have a significant effect on the overall promotion of industrial upgrading. The financial measures and guidance measures have a positive impact; the financial measures and guidance measures have significantly positive effect; however, the administrative measures, fiscal tax measures, and other economic measures do the opposite; the positive effect of the synergy of guidance measures and financial measures is greater than the negative effect of considering only the synergy of fiscal tax measures and other economic measures, and significantly greater than the negative effect of the synergy of administrative measures, fiscal tax measures, and other economic measures. We should strengthen and emphasize the use of the measure that has positive effect on industrial structure restructuring and upgrading individually and synergistically.     

Conceptualizing energy democracy

‘Energy democracy’ epitomizes hopes in energy transformation, but remains under-defined, a political buzzword rather than a real concept. After presenting its activist roots and mapping its usage, ‘energy democracy’ is positioned in relation to similar normatively derived concepts: environmental, climate, and energy justice, and environmental democracy. Drawing on insights from political theory and political sociology, it is shown what is democratic in energy democracy. Referencing the question of experts and democratic publics in complex technological areas, the paper explains why it is desirable for energy governance to be more democratic. To show what is unique in ‘energy democracy’ beyond increased participation in energy policy, the prosumer is introduced as the ideal-typical citizen, highlighting the importance of the energy transition, the agency of material structures and a new emergent governmentality. ‘Energy democracy’ is conceptualized as an analytical and decision-making tool, defined along three dimensions: popular sovereignty, participatory governance and civic ownership, and operationalized with relevant indicators.     

Framing trans-border energy transportation: the case of Keystone XL

Increasing discussion over the safety of natural resource extraction and transportation to facilitate international energy needs has given rise to controversy over the prospect of large quantities of bitumen and crude oil flowing through trans-national pipelines. This debate, incorporating the voices of industry, government and advocacy groups, has gained traction in the news media, alternately framed as an environmental, economic, trade, human rights or public safety concern. It is possible, however, that such coverage may vary substantially with regional interests and perceptions of costs and benefits, locally or nationally. To uncover how the framing of energy transportation varies with proximity considerations, regional and national media coverage in Canada and the United States of the Keystone XL pipeline from 2010 to 2014 is analyzed. National and local papers frame the pipeline according to different considerations, as do cities near to and distant from the pipeline route.     

基于对数模糊优先规划法的火灾风险评估

随着城市化进程的推进,每年都有大量的火灾事故发生,造成大量的人员伤亡和财产损失,为了避免事故发生或者减少伤亡损失,火灾风险评估是一种有效的方法之一。基于层次分析法,提出了对数模糊优先规划法进行火灾风险评估。首先以地下车库火灾风险评估为例,参考相关文献和专家意见,建立了地下车库火灾风险评价指标体系;然后利用对数模糊优先规划法计算各个评价指标的权重,然后根据专家打分获得评语集,结果所计算的权重集,可以得到地下车库的火灾风险评估结果为"良好"。最后,进行讨论了火灾风险评估的方法的有效性,并与层次分析法对比,对数模糊优先规划法可以使得决策者更加自信和舒适,并且决策结果更加合理。     

区域能源效率测算及影响分析——基于三阶段DEA方法

文章运用三阶段DEA方法,测算了2010～2017年间全国30个省、市能源效率,并将剔除环境要素和随机扰动影响的效率值与传统DEA分析结果进行比较.结果显示,剔除环境要素和随机扰动之前,我国绝大多数省规模效率高于纯技术效率,导致规模效率被高估,存在投入不足的情况;通过三阶段DEA结果,中国地区间规模报酬都处于递增趋势,...     

气候试验需要注意的几个问题

本文对气候试验要注意的几个问题进行探讨,有助于提高试验质量.     

外加热辐射时不同浓度聚丙烯酸钠胶体的实验研究

本文利用锥形量热仪的三个不同外加的热辐射强度,对不同浓度的聚丙烯酸钠胶体的热辐射物理属性进行了实验研究,得到了在不同的热辐射强度下不同浓度的聚丙烯酸钠胶体的失水及对热辐射吸收的实验数据,并总结了各自的规律。从热辐射属性的角度分析了肢体用作灭火剂的原因。     

水源泵站环保节能技术探讨

城市供水企业的成本很大一部分为电费,降低电耗对降低制水成本、提高企业经济效益有着很大帮助作用。文章根据沈阳市给水系统电能消耗的情况,分析了影响电耗的因素,提出了节能的要点。对具体的措施和项目从运行安全及运行可靠性进行了充分分析,并从技术和效益两方面进行了综合评价,对城市供水企业具有借鉴意义。     

油气田开发工程中地下隐蔽污染源的识别与影响分析

针对以往油气田开发工程建设中较易忽视的地下隐蔽性污染源的识别和影响分析进行了探讨。