Arsenite oxidation by three types of manganese oxides

Oxidation of As（Ⅲ） by three types of manganese oxides and the effects ofpH, ion strength and tartaric acid on the oxidation were investigated by means of chemical analysis, equilibrium redox, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. Three synthesized Mn oxide minerals, bimessite, cryptomelane, and hausmannite, which widely occur in soil and sediments, could actively oxidize As（Ⅲ） to As（Ⅴ）. However, their ability in As（Ⅲ）-oxidation varied greatly depending on their structure, composition and surface properties. Tunnel structured cryptomelane exhibited the highest ability of As （Ⅲ） oxidation, followed by the layer structured birnessite and the lower oxide hausmannite. The maximum amount of As （Ⅴ） produced by the oxidation was in the order （mmol/kg） of cryptomelane （824.2） 〉 bimessite （480.4） 〉 hausmannite （117.9）, As pH increased from the very low value（pH 2.5）, the amount of As（Ⅲ） oxidized by the tested Mn oxides was firstly decreased, then negatively peaked in pH 3.0 6.5, and eventually increased remarkably. Oxidation of As（Ⅲ） by the Mn oxides had a buffering effects on the pH variation in the solution. It is proposed that the oxidative reaction processes between As （Ⅲ） and biruessite（or cryptomelane） are as follows： （1） at lower pH condition： （MnO2）x＋ H3AsO3 ＋ 0.5H^＋=0.5H2AsO4^- ＋ 0.5HAsO4^2- ＋Mn〉^2＋ （MnO2）x-1 ＋ H2O; （2） at higher pH condition： （MnO2）x ＋ H3AsO3 = 0.5H2AsO4^- ＋ 0.5HAsO4^2- ＋ 1.5H^＋ ＋ （MnO2）x-1. MnO. With increase of ion strength, the As（Ⅲ） oxidized by bimessite and cryptomelane decreased and was negatively correlated with ion strength. However, ion strength had little influence on As （Ⅲ） oxidation by the hausmarmite. The presence of tartaric acid promoted oxidation of As（Ⅲ） by birnessite. As for cryptomelane and hansmannite, the same effect was observed when the concentration of tartaric acid was below 4 mmol/L, otherwise the oxidized As（Ⅲ） decreased. These findings are of great significance in improving our understanding of As geochemical cycling and controlling As contamination.     

锰铝双氧化物改性生物炭减缓土壤重金属对黑麦草的毒性作用

电子垃圾拆解过程中引起的土壤重金属铜(Cu)和镉(Cd)复合污染现象成为一个严峻的问题,为了解决这一问题,利用废弃的螃蟹壳生物质与锰铝盐进行共沉淀后共热解制备了螃蟹壳生物炭(BC)和片状锰铝双氧化物改性的螃蟹壳生物炭(LDO/BC)材料.污染土壤经过BC和LDO/BC修复后,土壤pH、有效磷、速效钾和酶活性得到了提升,土壤中的DTPA-Cu和DTPA-Cd含量显著降低.微生物群落分析表明BC-1%能促进Gemmatimonadota(芽单胞菌)和Acidobacteriota(酸杆菌)相对丰度的上升,而LDO/BC-1%能促进Proteobacteria(变形菌)相对丰度的上升,且变形菌有利于减少Cd在植物中的积累作用.在修复后的土壤中种植黑麦草培养28 d,结果表明,经过投加量为5%BC和1%LDO/BC分别修复后土壤种植的黑麦草发芽率分别提高29%和60%,生长状况更佳,并且黑麦草植株内Cu和Cd的含量相对于未经生物炭材料处理的空白组显著降低.LDO/BC-1%处理组相对于其他处理组表现出更优异的修复效果,且负载在LDO/BC上的Mn可以有效地降低黑麦草吸收土壤中的重金属Cd.     

三江平原不同土地利用方式下土壤锰含量研究

通过对比分析三江平原典型的小叶章湿地、玉米地、水稻田、人工杨树林和岛状林土壤中锰（Mn）含量,研究了不同土地利用方式下土壤Mn分布特征及影响因素.结果表明,三江平原土壤Mn含量范围为107.73～2 798.99 mg.kg-1,平均为403.24 mg.kg-1,处于较低的水平.不同利用方式下土壤中Mn含量差异显著（F=9.272,P〈0.001）,表现出岛状林〉人工杨树林〉玉米地〉小叶章湿地〉水稻田的规律;总体上由表层至底层,各层土壤Mn含量表现为玉米地〉小叶章湿地〉水稻田,岛状林〉人工杨树林的规律,表明湿地开发为旱田后,土壤Mn将聚集,而开发为水田后,土壤Mn则流失.相关性分析表明,土壤中Mn含量与pH呈显著的负相关系（r=-0.279,P〈0.05）,Mn与S含量（r=0.383,P〈0.01）和可溶性有机碳含量（r=0.244,P〈0.05）呈显著的正相关关系,而与土壤有机质（SOM）和有效硫（Sa）含量相关性并不显著.环境因子的改变,可能是通过改变Mn的赋存状态而影响到土壤Mn含量.     

Effects of Mn(II) and Fe(II) on microbial removal of arsenic (III)

Goal, scope, and background  Arsenic contamination in groundwater creates severe health problems in the world. There are many physiochemical and biological methods available for remediation of arsenic from groundwater. Among them, microbial remediation could be taken as one of the least expensive methods, though it takes longer treatment time. The main objective of this research was to study the improvement on remediation by addition of some essential ion salts such as Mn and Fe. Materials and methods   Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Escherichia coli were taken as model microbes from Dhulikhel, 30 km east from Kathmandu, Nepal. Results and discussion  Microbes used in this study showed different abilities in their removal of As(III) with and without addition of Mn and Fe salts. The trend of remediation increased with time. S. aureus was found to be the best among the microbes used. It showed almost 100% removal after 48-h culture, both with and without Fe and Mn salts. Rate of removal of As increased with addition of Fe and Mn for all microbes. Removal efficiency was found to increase by about 32% on average after addition of salts in 24-h cultures of S. aureus.     

重庆南山酸雨与马尾松衰亡的关系

1985—1986年对重庆南山马尾松林衰亡与酸雨的关系进行了研究。四个月的雨水监测表明南山酸雨况情严重。酸雨频率百分之百,平均pH4.2—4.4,最低pH3.6—4.0。土壤酸化程度较重(pH3.7—4.0)。土壤酸化的主要原因是酸雨的输入。濒死树针叶中锰和钴元素大为减少,与土壤中这两种元素的减少相对应。濒死树针叶中铝大量积累,土壤中活性铝增多和铝钙比增大。初步肯定酸雨是南山马尾松衰亡的重要原因之一。     

自来水厂细菌固定化除锰及其水质条件的研究

对自来水厂除锰细菌的３种固定化途径进行了实验分析。表明生态平衡的自固定化能够在短期内高效、稳定地除锰,通过控制运行参数和水质,把滤柱的除锰成熟期期短为５０ｄ。。     

自来水厂除锰滤砂的催化活性分析

研究来自我国东北２个自来水厂的除锰滤砂对Ｍｎ＾２＋的催化活性,以确定微生物在除锰过程中的作用,利用ＰＹＣＭ培养基可在每ｇ湿砂上计到１０＾５－１０＾６个细菌,其中有４０％￣５０％具有Ｍｎ＾２＋氧化能力,对滤砂表面的微生物进行原位培养,灭菌和ＨｇＣｌ２抑制,表明微生物群落的存在与稳定对于活性表面的存在与稳定是至关重要的,当生物活性被抑制后,锰砂残余活性约为原活性的２０％,这部分活性可能来源于化学催化。     

玉溪市“三湖一库”COD_(Mn)与BOD_5的相关性分析

通过对 1986年 - 1995年玉溪市星云湖、杞麓湖、抚仙湖及东风水库CODMn和BOD5监测数据进行相关性的统计分析 ,发现不同的水体具有不同的相关性 ,用CODMn值估算BOD5值无普遍意义     

精细化工有机废水的臭氧催化氧化

以含染料中间体和医药中间体为主的精细化工有机废水作为研究对象,针对该类废水生化处理低效率的问题而开展催化臭氧实验,探讨了催化剂种类、反应条件和催化剂协同臭氧作用的最佳条件,考察了COD去除率、脱色率、BOD5/COD各指标及产物的过程变化。结果表明,与活性炭或Cu/C相比,Mn/C协同臭氧效果更佳,在臭氧流量为4g/h,反应时间2h,pH为9,脱色率和COD去除率分别为91.6%和34.9%。经过UV-vis分析发现,由于臭氧的氧化作用,使废水中不饱和基团被破坏,复杂有机物转化为小分子化合物。经过处理后原水的BOD5/COD由0.236提高到0.419,生化性得到明显提高,有利于后续生物处理。     

A three-dimensional model for the transportation of Fe and Mn in Arha Reservoir

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