Analysis of a gas-phase partitioning tracer test conducted in an unsaturated fractured-clay formation

The gas-phase partitioning tracer method was used to estimate non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL), water, and air saturations in the vadose zone at a chlorinated-solvent contaminated field site in Tucson, AZ. The tracer test was conducted in a fractured-clay system that is the confining layer for the underlying regional aquifer. Three suites of three tracers were injected into wells located 14, 24, and 24 m from a single, central extraction well. The tracers comprised noble gases (traditionally thought to be nonsorbing), alkanes (primarily water partitioning), perfluorides (primarily NAPL partitioning), and halons (both NAPL and water partitioning). Observations of vacuum response were consistent with flow in a fractured system. The halon tracers exhibited the greatest amount of retardation, and helium and the perfluoride tracers the least. The alkane tracers were unexpectedly more retarded than the perfluoride tracers, indicating low NAPL saturations and high water saturations. An NAPL saturation of 0.01, water saturation of 0.215, and gas saturation of 0.775 was estimated based on analysis of the suite of tracers comprising helium, perfluoromethylcyclohexane and dibromodifluoromethane, which was considered to be the most robust set. The estimated saturations compare reasonably well to independently determined values.     

溢流堰形态对水体营养盐及有机污染的影响

定期监测两种不同形态的溢流堰坝体上下点的溶解氧及水质变化,研究溢流堰形态对水体营养盐及有机污染的影响。结果表明:两种不同形态的溢流堰均可较好地提高水体的DO含量,且阶梯式溢流堰较斜面式溢流作用明显;高锰酸盐指数IMn、NH3-N、TP含量均减少,平均去除率阶梯式溢流堰均优于斜面式溢流堰。     

Mn2+-WO3-TiO2光催化降解甲基橙的研究

溶胶-凝胶和浸渍相结合的方法制备Mn2+-WO3-TiO2光催化剂,进行甲基橙的光催化降解实验,考察WO3和Mn2+掺入量、焙烧温度及时间对光催化性能的影响。结果表明,500℃焙烧2h,掺杂量n(Mn2+)∶n(WO3)∶n(TiO2)=0.8∶1∶100时,光催化活性最高,光催化降解甲基橙溶液,120min后,降解率达84%,比单纯TiO2的光催化活性提高83%。     

Mn/Co-Ba-Al-O催化氧化NO性能研究

采用共沉淀-浸溃法制备了Mn/Co-Ba-Al-O催化剂.考察了用共沉淀法制作载体Co-Ba-Al-O过程中加料顺序分别为正加法、反加法和并流法时催化剂的活性.BET测试和XBD分析表明,并流时制得的载体比表面积最大,且其中的γ-A12O3结晶度最好,不含BaCO3,对NO的催化氧化性能最好.考察了各操作条件对并流法制备的催化剂催化氧化NO效率的影响,结果显示,在NO体积分数为500 X 10-6,O2体积分数为10%,空速为4000h-1时,225°C左右,出1:3 NOX的氧化度(N02/NO2)达到50%-60%.将取得最大的吸收效率;300°C时,氧化度可达到83%左右,接近热力学平衡值.     

Distribution of Redox-sensitive Elements in Bottom Waters,Porewaters and Sediments of Rogoznica Lake (Croatia) in Both Oxic and Anoxic Conditions

Geochemical, mineralogical and sedimentological analyses were carried out to contrast two different sites (respectively characterized by permanently oxic and anoxic conditions) in a small, meromictic, seawater lake. In fact, due to relatively high organic matter content, and reduced water exchange, the Rogoznica Lake has almost permanent anoxic conditions below the depth of 12 m, where sediment can be considered an anoxic–sulphidic sedimentary environment. Different water column and sediments redox conditions affect the distribution and speciation of major redox-sensitive metals (Fe, Mn, Mo), reduced sulphur species (RSS) and dissolved organic C (DOC). Trace metals, especially those that accumulate in anoxic–sulphidic environments (Fe, Mo) showed a marked enrichment in the solid phase, whereas the low solubility of sulphides leads to low porewater concentrations. The relatively high sedimentary enrichment of Mo (up to 81 mg/kg) also confirms highly anoxic conditions within the Rogoznica Lake sediments. Results clearly show that chemical species within the sediments will tend towards equilibrium between porewater and solid phase according the prevailing environment conditions such as redox, pH, salinity, DOC.     

降雨入渗对基坑工程安全性影响的研究

很多市政工程以及基坑工程在降雨入渗后 ,出现滑坡等事故 ,本文应用非饱和土壤水分运动基本理论 ,建立了降雨入渗模型并编制了计算程序。在计算模型中 ,考虑了降雨过程中土壤入渗能力的变化 ,在此基础上 ,采用非饱和土强度理论 ,编制了可考虑基质吸力影响的边坡安全系数计算程序 ;讨论了降雨强度、降雨持续时间、土壤初始含水量和土的渗透系数等参数对降雨入渗及边坡安全性的影响。     

One-dimensional simulation of solute transfer in saturated–unsaturated porous media using the discontinuous finite elements method

A one-dimensional transport model for simulating water flow and solute transport in homogeneous–heterogeneous, saturated–unsaturated porous media is presented. The model is composed of a combination of accurate numerical algorithms for solving the nonlinear Richard's and advection–dispersion equations (ADE). The mixed form of Richard's equation is solved using a standard finite element method (FEM) with primary variable switching. The transport equation is solved using operator splitting, with the discontinuous finite element method (DFE) for discretization of the advective term. A slope limiting procedure for DFE avoids numerical instabilities but creates very limited numerical dispersion for high Peclet numbers. An implicit finite differences scheme (FD) is used for the dispersive term.The unsaturated flow and transport model (Wamos-T) is applied to a variety of rigorous problems including transient flow, heterogeneous medium and abrupt variations of velocity in magnitude and direction due to time-varying boundary conditions. It produces accurate and mass-conservative solutions for a very large range of grid Peclet numbers. The Wamos-T model is a good and robust alternative for the simulation of mass transport in unsaturated domain.     

Mn@海藻酸微球吸附去除盐酸四环素及其类Fenton再生

以海藻酸钠为基体,制备出了Mn@海藻酸复合吸附剂.采用FE-SEM、EDS和FT-IR对产品的结构进行了表征,研究了Mn@海藻酸复合吸附剂吸附去除盐酸四环素水溶液的过程,主要考察了溶液初始浓度、p H和吸附时间对盐酸四环素吸附过程的影响,同时进行了动力学、等温模型和热力学分析,并对吸附剂的再生进行了评价.结果表明,盐酸四环素溶液初始浓度越大,平衡吸附量越大;强酸不利于Mn@海藻酸微球吸附反应的进行;随着时间的延长,吸附量呈逐渐增加的趋势.动力学模拟结果表明,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,等温吸附曲线符合Langmuir等温模型;热力学参数ΔG0,ΔH0,ΔS0,表明该吸附过程为自发吸热过程.通过构造Fenton-like反应体系,表面富集有盐酸四环素的Mn@海藻酸微球吸附剂可有效实现原位再生,重复使用.研究结果对含盐酸四环素废水的处理提供重要的理论依据.     

有机酸溶解砖红壤过程中Mn（Ⅱ）的释放规律

研究土壤Mn（Ⅱ）释放规律对揭示锰氧化物的形成机制和了解酸性土壤锰毒效应大小具有重要意义.结果表明,柠檬酸溶解砖红壤过程中,Mn（Ⅱ）的释放速率在前4 h比较迅速,其释放数量可达24 h反应时间内总释放量的59.5%,但随后释放速率逐渐减缓.快速阶段被认为是土壤表面交换态Mn（Ⅱ）的释放,而慢速阶段则与土壤锰氧化物的缓...     

农村饮用井水铁锰含量升高调查与探讨

饮用水质量与人体健康密切相关.水中所含的铁、锰是人体必需的微量元素,但其含量过多或过少都会对人类的机体代谢产生不利影响.随着经济社会的高速发展,环境污染日益严重,水体污染事件不断出现.从区域地质环境、周边生产状况等方面分析了该地区地下水污染成因,并对饮用井水中铁、锰元素含量过高提出了简易的处理方法.