ICP-AES法测定煤矸石中的Ni、Fe、Mn、Cr

取1.000g矸石样品于聚四氟乙烯坩埚中,加入5mLH2O2放置过夜,加6mL浓HCl,4mL浓HNO3,在微波炉中消解至近干,再加2mLHF,继续消解至粘稠状,用温热稀HCl溶解残渣,转入50mL容量瓶中,加1%HNO3定容,用ICP-AES法测定煤矸中Ni、Fe、Mn、Cr。在选定的测定条件下,检出限分别为0.013mg/L、0.0044mg/L、0.0014mg/L和0.0069mg/L;精密度的相对标准偏差分别为2.9%、3.4%、3.1%、2.1%;准确度实验铬的回收率在97.5%～106.0%之间。     

Practical performance and its efficiency of arsenic removal from groundwater using Fe-Mn binary oxide

A treatment unit packed by granular adsorbent of Fe-Mn binary oxide incorporated into diatomite (FMBO(1:1)-diatomite) was studied to remove arsenic from anaerobic groundwater without any pre-treatment or post-treatment. The raw anaerobic groundwater containing 35-45 μg/L of arsenic was collected from suburb of Beijing. Arsenic(III) constituted roughly 60%-80% of the total arsenic content. Approximately 7,000 bed volumes (ratio of efluent volume to adsorbent volume) treated water with arsenic concentration below 10 μg/L were produced in the operation period of four months. The regeneration of FMBO(1:1)-diatomite had been operated for 15 times. In the first stage, the regeneration process significantly improved the adsorption capacity of FMBO(1:1)-diatomite. With increased loading amount of Fe-Mn binary oxide, the adsorption capacity for arsenic decreased 20%-40%. Iron and manganese in anaerobic groundwater were oxidized and adsorptive filtrated by FMBO(1:1)-diatomite efficiently. The final concentrations of iron and manganese in efluents were nearly zero. The continued safe performance of the treatment units proved that adsorbent FMBO(1:1)-diatomite had high oxidation ability and exhibited strong adsorptive filtration.     

水钠锰矿的锰氧化度与Pb2+吸附量的关系

研究水钠锰矿对重金属离子的吸附,其结构中八面体空穴特点与重金属离子吸附的关系是人们关注的热点.采用酸性和碱性2种介质条件合成了具有不同锰氧化度的2个系列水钠锰矿,研究了它们的锰氧化度(average oxidation state of Mn, AOS)与其d₁₁₀面网间距和Pb²⁺的最大吸附量的关系,以及Pb²⁺吸附量与Mn²⁺、H⁺和K⁺释放量的关系.结果表明,同系列的水钠锰矿具有相似的晶体形貌,它们的锰氧化度与其d₁₁₀面网间距呈极显著的负相关(r =-0.903 5<-0.661 4,n=14,α=0.01),而与Pb²⁺的最大吸附量呈极显著的正相关(r=0.977 9>0.661 4,n=14,α=0.01),供试水钠锰矿锰氧化度的高低表观上反映了结构中八面体空穴数量的多少,水钠锰矿随着锰氧化度的提高,导致其结构中的八面体空穴数增多,对Pb²⁺的吸附容量增大,八面体空穴数量对Pb²⁺的吸附量的大小起着非常重要的作用.Pb²⁺的吸附量与吸附过程中Mn²⁺、H⁺和K⁺的释放量之和呈极显著的正相关(r = 0.996 2 > 0.661 4,n = 14,α = 0.01),Pb²⁺吸附过程中伴随的Mn²⁺、H⁺和K⁺的释放主要来自于水钠锰矿结构中八面体空穴处吸附的相应阳离子.吸附前Mn²⁺,Mn³⁺与H⁺、K⁺占据水钠锰矿结构中八面体空穴上下方位点的相对多少受水钠锰矿的锰氧化度高低的影响,锰氧化度低时,八面体空穴上下方位点吸附Mn²⁺、Mn³⁺较多,吸附的H⁺、K⁺则较少,反之亦然.     

USY负载MnOx催崔化剂NH3选择还原NOx性能的研究

采用USY分子筛为载体制备MnOx催化剂,考察了制备方法、前躯体、焙烧温度、催化组分负载量不同的情况下NH3选择催化还原NOx的能力,同时考察了添加Fe和Ce对Mn/USY催化剂脱硝性能的影响.结果表明,采用浸渍法负载10％的醋酸锰并在500℃下焙烧所制得的催化剂,在80～320℃范围内具有很高的催化活性;Fe、Ce的...     

重庆秀山锰矿区土壤和植物锰污染调查与评价

文章通过现场取样对重庆秀山锰矿区锰污染状况进行了调查分析。应用地积累指数法对锰矿区矿渣堆以及农田土壤Mn污染进行评价,结果表明矿区土壤及部分农田土壤Mn污染极其严重。矿区植物对Mn的吸收表现为富集型植物(如垂序商陆Phytolacca americana Linn.)、根部囤积型植物(如紫花香薷Elsholfizia argyi Levl.)、规避型植物(如长波叶山蚂蝗Desmodium sequax Wall.),可根据其特点通过制定合理的植被恢复措施修复Mn污染土壤。采用单项污染指数法对矿区种植蔬菜的Mn污染水平进行评价,发现辣椒、萝卜的食用部分受Mn污染极严重,长期食用这些蔬菜对人体健康存在很大风险。     

五种挺水植物对矿山废水中锰的去除效能比较

以水葱、香蒲、芦苇、灯芯草和野茭白五种挺水植物为研究对象,通过实验室模拟人工湿地系统,研究在投加不同浓度梯度人工拟合酸性矿山废水条件下各植物对重金属锰的去除效能以及植物各部位对锰的富集能力。结果表明,野茭白和水葱的去除效能最显著,第七天的去除率达到90%和76%以上,香蒲的相对较差,为56%以上。五种植物各部位对重金属锰的富集能力均遵循同一规律:对于无茎植物,根富集浓度大于叶富集浓度;对于有茎植物,则为根大于茎大于叶。     

Assessment of future climate change impacts on water-heat-salt migration in unsaturated frozen soil using CoupModel

• A model coupling water-heat-salt of unsaturated frozen soil was established. • Future temperature, precipitation, and evaporation increase in freeze–thaw period. • Soil water, heat, and salt transport are closely coupled during freeze–thaw period. • Freeze–thaw cycles and future climate change can exacerbate salinization. The transport mechanisms of water, heat, and salt in unsaturated frozen soil, as well as its response to future climate change are in urgent need of study. In this study, western Jilin Province in north-eastern China was studied to produce a model of coupled water-heat-salt in unsaturated frozen soil using CoupModel. The water, heat, and salt dynamics of unsaturated frozen soil under three representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios were simulated to analyze the effects of future climate change on unsaturated frozen soil. The results show that water, heat, and salt migration are tightly coupled, and the soil salt concentration in the surface layer (10 cm) exhibits explosive growth after freezing and thawing. The future (2020–2099) meteorological factors in the study area were predicted using the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM). For RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios, future temperatures during the freeze–thaw period increased by 2.68°C, 3.18°C, and 4.28°C, respectively; precipitation increased by 30.28 mm, 28.41 mm, and 32.17 mm, respectively; and evaporation increased by 93.57 mm, 106.95 mm, and 130.57 mm, respectively. Climate change will shorten the freeze–thaw period, advance the soil melting time from April to March, and enhance water and salt transport. Compared to the baseline period (1961–2005), future soil salt concentrations at 10 cm increased by 1547.54 mg/L, 1762.86 mg/L, and 1713.66 mg/L under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5, respectively. The explosive salt accumulation is more obvious. Effective measures should be taken to prevent the salinization of unsaturated frozen soils and address climate change.     

Nutrient status and pollution levels in five areas around a manganese mine in southern China

• The soil TP level was high or extremely high in all areas. • TN, OM and available Cu were insufficient in EA, TA and RA. • All areas reached the heavily polluted level and had high ecological risk levels. • Mn and Cd were the dominant pollutants. Nutrient status and pollution levels are the main factors affecting soil restoration. The nutrient status and pollution levels in five areas, an unexplored mine area (UA), an explored mine area (EA), a tailings area (TA), a reclamation area (RA) and an agricultural area (AA), around the Pingle manganese mine in Guangxi, China, were assessed in this study. The results showed that the average total phosphorus in these five areas ranged from 1.05 to 1.57 mg/kg, corresponding to grades of extremely high and high. The average total nitrogen values were 0.19, 0.69, 0.93, 1.24 and 1.67 mg/kg in EA, TA, RA, UA and AA, corresponding to grades of very low, low, medium-low, medium-high and medium-high, respectively. The average organic matter values were 12.78, 8.92, 22.77, 21.29 and 29.11 mg/kg in EA, TA, RA, UA and AA, which corresponded to grades of medium-low, low, medium-high, medium-high and medium-high, respectively. All these results indicated that the total phosphorus was sufficient in these areas, while the total nitrogen and organic matter were insufficient in EA, TA and RA. The available concentrations of Mn and Zn corresponded to the intermediate grade, while the values for Cu corresponded to the very low grade; these might be another factor restricting ecological reclamation. Contamination and ecological risk assessments based on the single contamination index, Nemerow multi-factor index and potential ecological risk index showed that the five tested areas around the Mn mine were considered heavily polluted and presented high ecological risk. Mn and Cd were the dominant pollutants.     

Mn的氧化价态对Mn/γ-Al2O3催化剂催化臭氧氧化气相低浓度甲苯的影响

采用共沉淀法,以Al₂O₃为载体制备Mn/γ-Al₂O₃和Mn-Ce/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,并分别在N₂气氛和O₂气氛下焙烧。采用固定床连续流动反应器,研究所制备催化剂在室温条件下催化臭氧氧化甲苯的性能。通过XRD、XPS和FTIR等手段对催化剂的结构和组成进行表征。结果表明,Mn/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂具有良好的催化臭氧氧化甲苯和催化臭氧自身分解的性能,共沉淀法制备催化剂的最佳Mn负载量为20%。O₂气氛焙烧和Ce的加入,可以有效提高催化剂的活性和寿命。原因是O₂气氛焙烧和Ce的加入可以提高Mn的氧化价态。催化剂失活的主要原因是有机副产物在催化剂表面吸附堆积,失活催化剂在550℃、空气气氛下焙烧可恢复催化性能。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-AES)与火焰原子吸收法（AAS）测定水中铁、锰方法对比

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法、火焰原子吸收法测定水中的铁、锰,优化了测定条件。结果表明,两种方法检Ⅲ限均较低,准确度高,精密度好,具有很强的可比性。