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291.
Extensive green areas generate a recognizable green identity of Ljubljana. Due to the challenges of climate change and urbanization the city's spatial policy highlights revitalization of degraded urban areas, preserving the quality and scope of the existing green network and the protection of multifunctional natural areas surrounding the city. Article describes the project of Rakova Jelša Park as a good example of these policies. With an NGO initiative a former degraded area with illegal dumping and non-indigenous vegetation was transformed into recreational park with increased biocultural diversity. Important lesson of the project is that opening up space for public use not only prevents degradation, but also improves the quality of urban ecosystems. One of the challenges for the city's future sustainable ecosystem development will be a more active cooperation with its citizens in the green infrastructure policy and later also a partial transfer of responsibility for green areas to them. 相似文献
292.
Currently, most tools, guidelines and benchmarks for urban adaptation raise awareness on climate change impacts, assess the city’s vulnerability and/or address the need for adaptation on a policy-level. However, tools that have the ability to implement adaptation solutions in the actual urban planning and design practice seem to be missing. We developed and tested the Adaptation Planning Support Toolbox (APST) to fill this gap. This toolbox supports local policymakers, planners, designers and practitioners in defining the program of demands, in setting adaptation targets, in selecting from more than 60 blue, green and grey adaptation measures and with informed co-creation of conceptual adaptation plans. The APST provides quantitative, evidence-based performance information on (cost)effectiveness of adaptation measures regarding climate resilience and co-benefits. The APST can be used design workshops, to feed dialogues among stakeholders on where and how which ecosystem-based adaptation measures can be applied. Applications of the AST in various settings and context in cities on different continents have illustrated the added value of the toolbox in bringing policy and practice together with help of science. With more and more cities worldwide that will make the step from policymaking to actual adaptation-inclusive urban (re)development practice we foresee a growing demand for such tools. 相似文献
293.
The need for environmental and urban planning reached a critical point in the year 2007, when one-half of the world's population
could be defined as living in cities. Urbanisation in India is also increasing at a fast rate. Urban chaos in India, emanating
from the continuous ignorance of fragile ecosystems, calls for the reshaping of existing cities as ‘eco-cities’. The ‘eco-city’—a
well-known concept in the western world—is new to the Indian context. While western connotations of eco-cities should not
be discarded outright in the context of India, core concerns vary significantly for obvious reasons. Recognising two facts—firstly,
eco-city development is altogether a fresh approach to human settlement development in India, and, secondly, the manifold
increase in the vulnerability of cities—this paper discusses documented good practice, reinforcing evolution towards the eco-city
vision. Lessons drawn from the examples cited are further deconstructed in the light of their contribution to urban risk reduction,
which provides direction to appreciating the ‘disaster-resilient eco-community’ concept in Puri, a coastal city in India.
Further, this paper attempts to unravel existing community-based practices in Puri, which are boon to the local environment
and invariably reduce disaster risk. These seemingly modest neighbourhood initiatives symbolise immense societal wealth, which
can be calibrated appropriately for reducing urban environmental risk as well. This paper also illustrates how a ‘disaster
resilient eco-community’ approach is inevitable in the present and future contexts not only to preserve sustainable development
gains but also to secure human well-being. 相似文献
294.
城市地铁工程主要穿越城市商业区和居民聚居区 ,施工过程中的安全技术问题可能对地表环境产生严重影响 ,甚至诱发地面塌陷等灾害发生。笔者结合广州地铁二号线鹭江站的施工实践 ,研究了城市地铁工程的施工安全技术 ;探讨了地铁车站施工安全监测中的维护桩变形、土体变形、支撑结构的受力状况、地下水水位、地下管线沉降和位移监测的实施细则 ;突出了对折返线施工过程的监测 ;研究了施工安全保障技术方法体系 ;对施工现场安全技术、施工工艺安全技术进行了深入分析 ;明确了基坑开挖、洞室掘进、空中作业等不同类型的施工场地和人工挖孔、爆破、模筑混凝土、钢支撑安装、防水层施做等各种施工工艺的安全保障技术方法 ;建立了安全施工和安全管理措施方法体系。 相似文献
295.
296.
对上海当前防灾救灾系统管理中存在的问题进行了分析,并且提出了相应的对策,对上海及其它城市的防灾救灾系统管理体系的改进与完善有一定的借鉴作用。 相似文献
297.
城市防灾救灾组织机构设置的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文首先阐明了合理的组织机构在城市防灾工作中的作用,然后通过对典型城市防灾救灾组织机构现状和问题的分析,提出防灾救灾组织机构设置的原则,构造了城市防灾救灾组织机构的改进型矩阵模式,并分析了该模式的特点和实施步骤。 相似文献
298.
The Ala Wai Canal Watershed Model (ALAWAT) is a planning-level watershed model for approximating direct runoff, streamflow,
sediment loads, and loads for up to five pollutants. ALAWAT uses raster GIS data layers including land use, SCS soil hydrologic
groups, annual rainfall, and subwatershed delineations as direct model parameter inputs and can use daily total rainfall from
up to ten rain gauges and streamflow from up to ten stream gauges. ALAWAT uses a daily time step and can simulate flows for
up to ten-year periods and for up to 50 subwatersheds. Pollutant loads are approximated using a user-defined combination of
rating curve relationships, mean event concentrations, and loading/washoff parameters for specific subwatersheds, land uses,
and times of year. Using ALAWAT, annual average streamflow and baseflow relationships and urban suspended sediment loads were
approximated for the Ala Wai Canal watershed (about 10,400 acres) on the island of Oahu, Hawaii. Annual average urban suspended
sediments were approximated using two methods: mean event concentrations and pollutant loading and washoff. Parameters for
the pollutant loading and washoff method were then modified to simulate the effect of various street sweeping intervals on
sediment loads. 相似文献
299.
Ralph Skea 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1989,32(2):107-114
The Town Scheme approach to urban conservation is being used increasingly as a major method of repairing historic buildings in conservation areas. A Town Scheme involves a long‐term financial and administrative partnership between the various levels of government. An annual budget made up of equal contributions from central government and the participating local authority is used to finance a multi‐year programme of repairs. Owners can apply for grants which are usually for 40 per cent of approved costs, and repair work must relate to the original structure and architectural details of an approved list of historic buildings. Town Schemes by themselves cannot totally transform the environmental quality of conservation areas, and the most successful schemes are part of wide‐ranging renewal and enhancement projects. 相似文献
300.
David Higdon 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1986,29(2):91-95
The author contributed to a short ‘in service’ course for staff engaged on a World Bank upgrading project for Ethiopian housing. The project includes both the building of new houses by self‐build co‐operatives on the periphery of Addis Ababa, and the upgrading of a dense inner city area in conditions of acute deprivation. The paper is a highly personal account of the author's impressions of the value of such initiatives. 相似文献