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571.
This study demonstrates the integration of rehabilitation and flood management planning in a steep, boulder-bedded stream
in a coastal urban catchment on the South Island of New Zealand. The Water of Leith, the primary stream flowing through the
city of Dunedin, is used as a case study. The catchment is steep, with a short time of concentration and rapid hydrologic
response, and the lower stream reaches are highly channelized with floodplain encroachment, a high potential for debris flows,
significant flood risks, and severely degraded aquatic habitat. Because the objectives for rehabilitation and flood management
in urban catchments are often conflicting, a number of types of analyses at both the catchment and the reach scales and careful
planning with stakeholder consultation were needed for successful rehabilitation efforts. This included modeling and analysis
of catchment hydrology, fluvial geomorphologic assessment, analysis of water quality and aquatic ecology, hydraulic modeling
and flood risk evaluation, detailed feasibility studies, and preliminary design to optimize multiple rehabilitation and flood
management objectives. The study showed that all of these analyses were needed for integrated rehabilitation and flood management
and that some incremental improvements in stream ecological health, aesthetics, and public recreational opportunities could
be achieved in this challenging environment. These methods should be considered in a range of types of stream rehabilitation
projects. 相似文献
572.
Defining agents' behaviors to simulate complex residential development using multicriteria evaluation 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Cellular automata (CA) have been increasingly used to simulate complex geographical phenomena. These models may have limitations on reflecting individuals' behaviors which should be considered in urban simulation. Agent-based modeling can solve some of the problems in addressing individuals' influences in urban systems. However, there is a general lack of methodology on how to define agents' properties. This paper uses multicriteria evaluation techniques to determine some of the parameters for the agent-based model. Empirical data from GIS are used to define agent's properties. Sensitivity analysis is also carried out to assess the influences of parameters on simulation outcomes. This model has been applied to the simulation of the residential development in a fast growing city, Guangzhou, in south China. 相似文献
573.
Fostering ecosystem services in urban road corridors is an important challenge for urban planning and governance because residents are often exposed to environmental pressures in these ubiquitous open spaces. We here aim at illustrating multiple ecosystem services that may be underpinned by roadside vegetation. Previous work is broadly scattered in papers from the natural and social sciences and biased by a focus both on regulating services (temperature regulation, air filtration, carbon sequestration) and also on trees. We provide a first synthesis that illustrates (i) the multi-functional capacity of green elements in streetscapes to deliver various ecosystem services; (ii) the relevance of planted and wild-grown herbaceous vegetation as well as trees; and (iii) trade-offs between certain ecosystem services as well as risks related to disservices. Trees and herbaceous road vegetation can mitigate adverse environmental conditions in road corridors, which is particularly important in vulnerable neighborhoods that are undersupplied with green spaces. Enhancing the amenity value of streetscapes might also positively influence public health by promoting physical activity. However, significant knowledge gaps exist, e.g. on the contribution of biodiversity to ecosystem services and on the valuation of green street components by different sociocultural groups. Our synthesis illustrates management options that can support planning and governance approaches toward more livable streetscapes by fostering ecosystem services and counteracting disservices. 相似文献
574.
Sustainable development as a policy guide: an application to affordable housing in island communities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Carissa Schively 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(6):769-786
This article uses sustainability as a lens through which to examine affordable housing policies in geographically-isolated
island communities, with the intent of assessing the utility of using sustainable development as a guide to policy decision-making.
Focusing on the case of Key West, Florida, the article points to the conflicts that must be reconciled to achieve true sustainability.
The study applies criteria to identify policy solutions for the provision and retention of affordable housing in island communities,
and at the same time provides an application of the sustainable development concept as a policy guide.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of
publication of this issue. 相似文献
575.
In this paper, we describe the development of a simulation framework for allocating water from different sources to meet the
environmental flows of an urban river. The model permits the development of a rational balance in the utilization of storm
water, reclaimed water from wastewater treatment plants, and freshwater from reservoirs with consideration of the limited
capacities of different water resources. It is designed to permit the full utilization of unconventional water sources for
the restoration of river water quality by increasing river flow and improving water quality. To demonstrate practical use
of the model, a case study is presented in which the model was used to simulate the environmental water allocation for the
Liming River in Daqing City, China, based on the three water sources mentioned above. The results demonstrate that the model
provides an effective approach for helping managers allocate water to satisfy the river’s environmental water requirements. 相似文献
576.
This paper presents an assessment of air quality of the city Eskişehir, located 230 km southwest to the capital of Turkey. Only five of the major air pollutants, most studied worldwide and available for the region, were considered for the assessment. Available sulphur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and non-methane volatile organic carbons (NMVOCs) data from local emission inventory studies provided relative source contributions of the selected pollutants to the region.The contributions of these typical pollution parameters, selected for characterizing such an urban atmosphere, were compared with the data established for other cities in the nation and world countries. Additionally, regional ambient SO2 and PM concentrations, determined by semi-automatic monitoring at two sites, were gathered from the National Ambient Air Monitoring Network (NAAMN). Regional data for ambient NO2 (as a precursor of ozone as VOCs) and ozone concentrations, through the application of the passive sampling method, were provided by the still ongoing local air quality monitoring studies conducted at six different sites, as representatives of either the traffic-dense-, or coal/natural gas burning residential-, or industrial/rural-localities of the city. Passively sampled ozone data at a single rural site were also verified with the data from a continuous automatic ozone monitoring system located at that site. Effects of variations in seasonal-activities, newly established railway system, and switching to natural gas usage on the temporal changes of air quality were all considered for the assessment. Based on the comparisons with the national [AQCR (Air Quality Control Regulation). Ministry of Environment (MOE), Ankara. Official Newspaper 19269; 1986.] and a number of international [WHO (World Health Organization). Guidelines for Air Quality. Geneva; 2000. Downloaded in January 2006, website: http://www.who.int/peh/; EU (European Union). Council Directive 1999/30/EC relating to limit values for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and lead in ambient air. Of J Eur Communities L 163: 14–30; 29.6.1999; EU (European Union). Council Directive 2002/3/EC relating to ozone in ambient air. Of J Eur Communities. L 67: 14–30; 9.3.2002.; USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Downloaded in January 2006, website: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/] ambient air standards, among all the pollutants studied, only the annual average SO2 concentration was found to exceed one specific limit value (EU limit for protection of the ecosystem). A part of the data (VOC/NOx ratio), for determining the effects of photochemical interactions, indicated that VOC-limited regime was prevailing throughout the city. 相似文献
577.
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(4):806-816
Improving the efficiency with which natural resources are utilized is an indispensable for achieving sustainable development and carbon neutrality. By analyzing the utilization efficiency of energy, water, and land, we established a comprehensive natural resource utilization efficiency index (NRUEI). We then calculated the 2016 index for 165 cities in China, and investigated what caused it to vary. We found three main results: (1) the NRUEI varied greatly across China and there were significant positive correlations between urban energy utilization efficiency (EUE), water utilization efficiency (WUE) and land utilization efficiency (LUE); (2) the NRUEI showed a significant positive correlation with a city's population size, economy (Gross Domestic Product (GDP)), and the level of urban social development (GDP per capita); (3) cities in East China have the highest natural resource utilization efficiency, while cities in Northeast China have the lowest. These results indicate that China's increasing urban development is associated with rising natural resource utilization efficiency and that the city's endowment of natural resources is an important factor affecting that efficiency. Further, the results showed that the determinants of a city's NRUEI differed in large and small cities. Lastly, our results suggest that improving EUE is key for improving NRUEI in urban China, and different efficiencies can be improved intertwined. A major takeaway of this study is that there is great potential for improving natural resource utilization efficiency in Chinese cities and we include city-specific suggestions for efficiency improvements. 相似文献
578.
579.
Yang Jie Mao Hanying 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2006,4(3):3-10
Urban Agglomeration is an inevitable outcome of urbanization and industrialization, and a main form of urban development. Based on the analysis of urbanization and urban system situation, this paper will discuss the integration of urban agglomeration development, using the urban area of Cheng (Chengdu)-Yu (Chongqing) Urban agglomeration (CYUA) as a case study. By means of industries, population and spatial integrations, the function, strength and competition of CYUA will be improved and this urban agglomeration will transit from a budding state to a growing and mature one in future. The sustainable development of CYUA will depend on countermeasures, such as accelerating industrialization and urbanization, building a traffic network and express roads, strengthening the ability of self-sufficiency, enlarging the ecological construction and environmental protection, and establishing the synergetic institution of cross districts. 相似文献
580.