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991.
A.N.M. Peeters A.P.C. Faaij W.C. Turkenburg 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2007,1(4):396-417
We performed a detailed analysis of the potential future costs and performance of post-combustion CO2 absorption in combination with a natural gas combined cycle (NGCC). After researching state-of-the-art technology, an Excel model was created to analyze possible developments in the performance of energy conversion, CO2 capture, and CO2 compression. The input variables for the three time frames we used were based on literature data, product information, expert opinions, and our own analysis. Using a natural gas price of 4.7 €/GJ, we calculated a potential decrease in the costs of electricity from 5.6 €ct/kWh in the short term to 4.8 €ct/kWh in the medium term and 4.5 €ct/kWh in the long term. The efficiency penalty is calculated to decline from 7.9%-points LHV in the short term to 4.9%-points and 3.7%-points in the medium and long terms, respectively. In combination with NGCC improvements, this may cause an improvement in the net efficiency, including CO2 capture, from 49% in the short term to 55% and 58% in the medium and long terms, respectively. The total capital costs including capital costs of the NGCC ware calculated to decline from 880 in the short term to 750 and 690 €/kW in the medium and long terms, respectively, with a decline in the incremental capital costs due to capture from 350 in the short term to 270 and 240 €/kW in the medium and long terms, respectively. Finally, the avoidance costs may decline from 45 €/tCO2 in the short term to 33 €/tCO2 in the medium term and 28 €/tCO2 in the long term. 相似文献
992.
993.
根据国际标准化组织颁布的两个系列标准的特点,分析了如何运用管理循环于安全管理和环境管理实践中,提出了制约因素管理循环,并且阐述了管理职能循环、PDCA循环和制约因素管理循环运用于管理工作实践中三者的关系. 相似文献
994.
产品导向的环境政策研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
产品在整个生命周期都可能对环境造成不同程度的不利影响,因此传统的"末端处理"或"中端处理"的环境产品政策已经不能满足环境需要,产品导向的环境产品政策正是基于这种考虑产生的。通过介绍欧盟几个国家的产品导向的环境产品政策,论述了产品导向的环境产品政策的基本理论及研究进展。 相似文献
995.
Risk Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds Through Daily Life Cycle in the Industrial City in Korea
This study analyzed the risk of exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) through a study of activity patterns in the Korean industrial city, Ulsan. The daily life cycle patterns(LCPs) of 331 people in Ulsan were surveyed and the average LCPs in Ulsan were obtained by statistical analysis. Nine to twelve personal air samples of VOC exposure at the breathing zones were collected at each LCP. This included hours for sleeping,cooking and eating, going to and from work, working, participating in field or outdoor activities, reading, watchingTV, and shopping. The components and concentrations of the collected VOCs were identified by a Gas Chromatography-MassDetector (GC-MS). The overall reproducibility of all GC analytical procedures of the simultaneously collected duplicatesample pairs represented a mean of percent differences rangingfrom about 9 to 13%. For the general population of Ulsan, thecarcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of exposure to theVOCs during the LCPs was evaluated. The carcinogenic riskwas analyzed using both the chronic daily exposure orlifetime average daily exposure (CDI) and the cancerpotency factor. The non-carcinogenic risk was analyzedusing both the CDI and the chronic reference dose.The major chemical forms of the identified VOCs were oxidized forms (43%), aliphatic alkanes (29%) and aromatics (15%). Even though the highest total exposure strength per unit time of each activity was observed during shopping, the highest totalamount of exposure to VOCs was identified as the exposure duringwork. The total carcinogenic risk of exposure to the carcinogenicVOCs through daily life cycle in Ulsan was 2.0 × 10-4which is substantially exceeding the permissible carcinogenicrisk level, 10-5 10-6. The carcinogenic riskduring most of the life cycle activities, except forreading, mainly performed indoors, was higher than that ofthe activities performed outdoors. The carcinogenic risk bybenzene exposure was about 56% (time weighted average) ofthe total carcinogenic risk by the exposure to thecarcinogenic VOCs. During cooking and eating, shopping andout door activities, however, the carcinogenic risk by theexposure to chlorinated compounds like chloroform exceededthe exposure to benzene. The overall hazard index (non-carcinogenic risk) by a chronic exposure to carcinogenicand non-carcinogenic VOCs through daily life cycle in Ulsanwas evaluated as 3.91 × 10-1, which is much less than1.0 considered as a hazard level to human health, and thusit seems likely not to produce a severe health hazard. 相似文献
996.
括苍山地区中生代火山旋回划分 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文通过对区内中生代火山活动具有代表性的一系列火山机构的剖析,在厘定火山地层层序的基础上,根据统一的旋回划分原则,划分出黄坦、山头郑、上张、塘上等四个火山旋回,分析了各火山旋回与区域构造运动的关系,并与前人划分的旋回作了对比。 相似文献
997.
ABSTRACTEnergy optimization is performed on hybrid solar-geothermal power plant working according to Organic Rankine Cycle and installed in southern Tunisia. The performances of four different configurations of the power plant are studied. Mass and energy balances are established for the different compounds. The effects of the main operating parameters such as the geothermal water temperature, ambient temperature and direct normal irradiation on the power plant performances are analyzed. A code is established using Engineering Equation Solver software (EES) to perform the required calculations. Obtained results show that the hybrid solar-geothermal power plant with a heat recovery system is the most suitable configuration design giving a better overall energy efficiency of 15.77 and13.11% and a maximum net power of 1089 and 1882 kW in winter and summer, respectively. However, in the summer season, using a heat recovery system can valuable only when the water temperature is higher than 66°C. For air-cooled condenser, the suitable condensing pressure is 1 bar in winter and 1.9 bars in summer. 相似文献
998.
999.
为研究季节性河流的周期丰水与枯水作用对下穿该河床的地铁隧道结构的影响,以某区间隧道下穿浑河河床为工程背景,研究并预测了2012年4月到2022年4月的丰水与枯水周期变化过程中,水体重力作用对隧道管片应力应变的累积影响。利用基于三维显式有限差分法的计算工具Flac-3D,对上述周期变化过程进行了建模,并对隧道结构受到的应力应变影响进行了模拟。结果表明,隧道的长期沉降停止于2014年4月,隧道竖直方向受力稳定于2013年4月。稳定后,隧道沉降量对周期性丰枯作用的响应程度与监测点到河床中心位置的距离成正比,分别为0、1.3%、1.8%;周期性丰枯作用对所有监测点附近区域的竖直受力影响都很大,约为21.7%。 相似文献
1000.
煤炭生产的水足迹评价研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
水足迹是水资源占用的综合评价指标,能够量化人类活动对水资源和水环境的影响,为水资源的高效利用与可持续管理提供科学参考.本文在WFN水足迹评价方法和国际标准水足迹评价方法的基础上,提出了基于生命周期的包含蓝水足迹、灰水足迹和间接水足迹的能源系统水足迹评价模型.将此模型应用到煤炭生产,计算了我国单位煤炭生产的水足迹.研究结果表明,我国1 GJ煤炭生产的水足迹为0.19 m~3,水足迹的80%来源于采掘过程,从水足迹类型来看,灰水足迹占到了87%的比例.本研究为能源系统水足迹评价提供了方法理论,并可为以煤炭为原料或燃料的下游产品水足迹评价提供数据支撑. 相似文献