Effects of activated carbon types and service life on removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals: amitrol, nonylphenol, and bisphenol-A

Removal performances of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) such as amitrol, nonylphenol, and bisphenol-A were evaluated in this study using granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption. This study found that GAC adsorption was effective in removal of EDCs with high K_ow value. Nonylphenol and bisphenol-A were effectively adsorbed onto all carbons (including the used carbons) tested in this study. As indicated by K_ow value, nonylphenol was more effectively adsorbed than bisphenol-A. The coal-based carbon was found more effective than other carbons in the adsorption of nonylphenol and bisphenol-A due to its larger pore volume. The adsorption capacity reduced with the operation year, and the extent of the reduction was different depending upon the carbon type and the operation year. Amitrol was effectively removed by biological degradation, but was poorly adsorbed. Since the microbes residing at the used carbons already accustomed to amitrol, the used carbons removed amitrol better than the virgin carbons. Although the coal-based carbon showed the best removal performance of amitrol, GAC adsorption could not be recommended for amitrol removal because considerable portion of incoming amitrol (9–87%) passed through GAC adsorption column. According to this study, pore volume mainly influenced the adsorption capacity, but the surface charge was also important due to electrical interaction. The adsorption parameters for nonylphenol and bisphenol-A provided by this study could be valuable when GAC adsorption was considered to handle an accidental spill of nonylphenol and bisphenol-A.     

石灰预处理对树叶堆肥过程中养分转化的影响

以树叶干质量的0%、1.00%、2.50%和4.00%的石灰预处理树叶,24h后分别将预处理后的树叶与鸡粪联合堆肥,研究不同用量石灰预处理树叶对树叶堆肥过程中养分转化的影响。试验在自制的堆肥反应器内进行,采用间歇式强制通风的方式,进行为期59d的堆肥试验。结果表明:石灰预处理树叶24h可以有效的降低树叶中的有机质质量分数,以4.00%的石灰预处理的树叶其有机质降幅达6.00%;石灰预处理24h后,各处理pH相差不大;EC的变化与pH相似;预处理前后,各处理总氮、总磷和总钾的质量分数相差不大。用石灰预处理后的树叶堆肥有利于堆肥有机质的降解,尤以2.50%石灰预处理的效果最好;有利于堆肥w(C)/w(N)的降低,其降低幅度与石灰用量成正比;有利于减少堆肥过程中氮素的损失,且氮素损失与石灰使用量呈反比;有利于堆肥NH4 -N质量分数的降低;提高堆肥终产品NO3--N的质量分数,其质量分数与石灰用量呈正比;有利于堆肥中钾的浓缩;对堆肥的pH、EC、w(NH4 -N)/w(NO3--N)和总磷的影响不大。综合考虑试验结果后认为,以4.00%石灰预处理的效果最为理想。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定茶叶中的16种稀土元素

采用微波消解和干法灰化两种前处理方法,电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)测定了茶叶中的16种稀土元素.外标法绘制校准曲线,分析了国家标准物质茶叶GBW07605和GBW10016,测定值与标准值吻合,样品测定的精密度在0.6%-6.3 %,方法检出限为0.04-0.43 μg·kg-1.用加标回收的方法评价了该方法的准确性,回收率为96.0%-108.0%之间.     

高分辨双晶X射线荧光光谱测定某些环境样品中硫的化学状态

本文用高分辨双晶X射线荧光光谱仪分析了煤、植物叶、土壤等环境样品中硫的化学状态。同时参照有关方法,设计了较为适用的非线性最小二乘法谱线分离程序。部分样品测定结果与其它方法做了对照比较,其结果基本相近。证明本法是一种样品预处理简便、测定快速而又可靠的化学状态分析方法。     

Variation in composition of predator-attracting allelochemicals emitted by herbivore-infested plants: Relative influence of plant and herbivore

Summary During foraging, natural enemies of herbivores may employ volatile allelochemicals that originate from an interaction of the herbivore and its host plant. The composition of allelochemical blends emitted by herbivore-infested plants is known to be affected by both the herbivore and the plant. Our chemical data add new evidence to the recent notion that the plants are more important than the herbivore in affecting the composition of the volatile blends. Blends emitted by apple leaves infested with spider mites of 2 different species,T. urticae andP. ulmi, differed less in composition (principally quantitative differences for some compounds) than blends emitted by leaves of two apple cultivars infested by the same spider-mite species,T. urticae (many quantitative and a few qualitative differences). Comparison between three plant species — apple, cucumber and Lima bean — reveals even larger differences between volatile blends emitted upon spider-mite damage (many quantitative differences and several qualitative differences).     

秦皇岛市废矿物油资源化初探

在分析秦皇岛市废矿物油的产生和排放现状的基础上，指出废矿物油资源化是解决近岸海域油污染的最佳条件，并提出了一些可操作性的废矿物油资源化对策。     

绿化树种叶片中硫元素的含量特征

于2003年研究了昆明市的11个绿化树种叶片中S元素的含量，结果表明，大多数树种叶片中S含量与空气SO2污染的程度有明显的正相关性，可以做为大气中SO2污染监测的树种。     

保护生态环境、促进凤庆经济社会发展

近年来生态环境的恶化、农村能源短缺、环境污染加剧、以及人口压力增大,都对凤庆建成茶文化大县的战略构想形成了严重影响。就其生态环境现状分析了存在的问题,提出相应的措施和建议     

福建省茶园土壤-茶叶的铅含量及铅同位素示踪

运用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)分析了福建省内9个市县的茶园土壤和茶叶的铅含量及铅同位素组成,评价铅污染情况并解析铅来源。结果表明,茶园土壤和茶叶的铅含量分别为23.00±0.099~55.43±0.032 mg/kg和0.53±0.126~1.47±0.058 mg/kg,地质累积指数法表明茶园土壤基本为无污染,单项因子指数法表明茶叶均为安全等级。茶园土壤和茶叶铅同位素组成具有区域性,茶叶铅同位素组成相对于茶园土壤具有较低的206Pb/207Pb和206Pb/208Pb。结合铅含量相关性分析和铅同位素示踪分析,福建省茶叶铅主要来源于茶园土壤和大气。福建省茶叶铅同位素组成的同地相似性和异地差异性特征可为茶叶产地溯源和鉴别提供一定的科学依据和参考价值。     

不同温度桉树叶生物炭对Cd2+的吸附特性及机制

通过元素分析、BET-N₂、Zeta电位、Boehm滴定,SEM-EDS、FTIR等分析方法对不同热解温度（300、500和700℃）下制备的桉树叶生物炭进行表征,研究了3种生物炭（BC300、BC500和BC700）对Cd²⁺的吸附特性与机制.结果表明,随温度升高,生物炭产率下降,灰分、pH值和Zeta负电荷量上升,比表面积增大.当Cd²⁺浓度为20mg/L时,平衡时间依次为80min（BC700）<360min（BC500）<540min（BC300）,均符合准二级动力学模型（R²>0.98）,以化学吸附为主.BC300和BC500吸附过程均符合Langmuir和Freundlich模型,BC700更符合Freundlich模型,最大吸附量依次为BC700（94.32mg/g） > BC500（67.07mg/g） > BC300（60.38mg/g）.在Boehm滴定结果分析的基础上,结合FTIR和SEM-EDS,表明生物炭吸附机制主要为静电吸附和官能团络合作用.BC700吸附性能最佳,原因可能是具有较大的比表面积、较多的负电荷量和较为丰富的官能团.