九华山佛茶文化旅游开发研究

九华山佛茶文化旅游既有历史优势,又有区位优势,开发九华山佛茶文化旅游是将九华山的佛教旅游资源与茶文化旅游资源中的寺院茶文化相结合。更新观念、重视特形象设计、丰富完善旅游产品、加大旅游商品开发和不断开拓旅游市场等是九华山佛茶文化旅游开发的重要举措。     

利用废茶制备活性炭及其吸附性能的研究

实验利用提取茶多酚后的废茶以微波磷酸活化法制备活性炭,研究磷酸活化剂浓度、微波功率、微波辐照时间、浸渍比等因素对制备的活性炭亚甲基蓝吸附值的影响。分别通过单一因素分析及正交实验,找到制备活性炭的最佳条件：微波功率700W、辐照时间8min、磷酸浓度20％、磷酸／样品浸渍（质量）比3：1。利用该最佳条件制备的活性炭,验证实验表明：亚甲基蓝吸附值均〉75．12mg/g,活性炭平均回收率达到65．28％。     

典型电子拆解地两种指示生物监测重金属污染的对比研究

利用ICP-MS定量测定了温岭市电子垃圾拆解地区的大灰藓及樟树叶中的12种金属元素的含量,对比分析了两种指示生物对不同金属元素的富集情况.结果显示,不同地区样品中的所有金属含量呈现污染区对照区的趋势,其中苔藓中As、Cr、Mn、Se、V和Cd,樟树叶中Cr、Cu、Ni、Se、Sb和Cd的含量呈现重污染区轻度污染区对照区的趋势.拆解区中樟树叶中除Mn以外的金属总含量(所有金属含量之和)要低于苔藓.除Mn、Cr和Se以外的其它9种金属在苔藓中的含量要显著高于樟树叶中的金属含量(p0.05),但苔藓中金属含量的标准偏差要大于樟树叶.由污染因子(pollution factor)的结果表明苔藓及树叶样品中的金属Sn、Sb及Cd的污染因子最高;另外,研究通过比较树叶样品的不同预处理过程对最终含量测定的影响,发现经超纯水清洗的树叶样品中所有金属浓度要明显低于未经清洗的样品,并且标准偏差较低,数值稳定性好.主成分分析结果表明,Co、Cr、Ni、Pb、Sn及Cd为密切相关的一类元素,主要来源于电子废弃物拆解行为,而Mn、As及Se为第二类元素,主要来源于地质因素.     

Life cycle assessment of an industrial symbiosis based on energy recovery from dried sludge and used oil

Recovering energy from wastes is a useful strategy for integrated waste and energy management in an eco-industrial park (EIP) and gives promising reduction of wastes, total energy consumption and operation cost. In Jinqiao EIP, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, an industrial symbiosis, based on the energy recovery from municipal sewage sludge and re-refined oil, was proposed in the central heat-supplying company of Jinqiao EIP. It is expected that hot off-gas or part of the steam from the central heat-supplying company could be used for sludge drying and used oil re-refining while the dried sludge and refined oil can be partial substitution for fossil fuel. For the purpose of assessing the environmental performance of this industrial symbiosis, life cycle assessment (LCA) was used and different scenarios were set up in this study to evaluate the Global warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), Eutrophication Potential (EP), Human toxicity air (HTA) and Total Environmental Impact Potential (TEIP) of the system. Results indicate that when the substitute ratio of coal by sludge is 14%, the proposed industrial symbiosis has the least environmental impact. Compared with the current situation (sludge is landfilled), co-combustion of dried sludge and re-refined oil with coal at optimal scale will release less CO₂, CH₄, NO_x, N₂O and CO, but more SO₂, H₂S, NH₃, HCl, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and heavy metals.     

Solid phase extraction of trace metals from environmental samples using Amberlite XAD-7 loaded with 2-hydroxy-propiophenone-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone and determination by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry

A method for the solid phase extraction of trace metals, namely Co, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn, from environmental and biological samples using column Amberlite XAD-7 loaded with 2-hydroxy-propiophenone-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (HPPPTSC) and determination by inductively coupled spectrometry (ICP–AES) has been developed. The reagent has the capacity to form chelate complexes with the metals because of three binding sites in the reagent molecule. The optimum experimental conditions for the quantitative sorption of five metals, pH, effect of flow rate, concentration of eluent, sorption capacity and the effect of diverse ions on the preconcentration of analytes have been investigated. The sorption capacity of the resin has 83, 127, 35, 88 and 85?µmol?g^?1 for Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Zn²⁺, respectively. The preconcentration factors for Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Zn²⁺ were 100, 110, 120, 140 and 150, respectively. The accuracy of the proposed procedure was evaluated by standard reference materials. The achieved results were in good agreement with certified values. The proposed method was applied for the determination of trace metals in river water and plant leaves.     

上海市中心城区樟树叶片中多环芳烃的分布及来源辨析

采用GC-MS对上海市中心城区樟树叶片中16种优控多环芳烃(PAHs)进行定量分析.结果表明,樟树叶片中∑16PAHs、致癌性PAHs、BaPeq含量范围分别为199.14~488.77、56.63~209.37、4.39~14.80ng/g(干质量),最高值均出现在工业区,其次是交通区、商业区,最低值均出现在公园绿地.各采样点樟树叶片不同环数PAHs分布特征相似,以3~4环为主,平均含量分布占∑16PAHs的31.60%和54.25%,其次为2环和5环PAHs,分别占5.83%和5.97%,6环最低,仅占2.35%;主要单体为菲(Phe)、 (Chry)、荧蒽(Fl)、芘(Pyr),工业区萘(Nap)的含量显著高于其他功能区.运用因子分析法和特征比值法源解析表明,樟树叶片中PAHs主要来源于化石燃料的不完全燃烧.     

Deposition of Inorganic Particulate Aerosols to Vegetation - A New Method of Estimating

A new, direct method was developed for quantifying inorganic particulate aerosols trapped by the forest canopy, and for determining the resulting input of elements to a forest ecosystem. The method is based on direct measurements of only six parameters. Using this method, it is possible to determine the load of aerosols trapped by the forest canopy and deposited to leaves, as well as the load of aerosols falling to the forest floor by impaction on plants. It is also possible to estimate the aerosol input of soluble and insoluble elements to an ecosystem. With this new method it has been found that the load of aerosols trapped by the canopy of a mixed forest located in the Rybnik Coal Basin averaged 189.0 kg x ha-1 x growing season-1, or 39.3% of the total inorganic particles reaching the ecosystem. The trapped aerosols provided 13.4 kg x ha-1 of soluble nitrogen and 0.91 kg x ha-1 of insoluble nitrogen over the growing season. At the same time, the input of soluble nitrogen from the atmosphere with rainfall to an open area averaged 13.9 kg x ha-1, and the input of insoluble nitrogen with inorganic dusts averaged 1.4 kg x ha-1.     

黔西北茶园土壤活性铝的形态分布及影响因素

土壤中各形态活性铝的质量分数决定了铝毒性的强弱,为了解茶园土壤中活性铝的形态分布及其影响因素,以采集于贵州西北部的106个茶园土壤样品为材料,采用化学连续提取法测定土壤中各形态活性铝的质量分数并分析其影响因素. 结果表明:不同类型土壤中w(Tac-Al)(Tac-Al为活性铝)表现为黄壤＞黄棕壤＞棕壤＞褐土;土壤中各形态活性铝质量分数分布略有差异,表现为w(Hy-Al)(Hy-Al为铝的水合氧化物与氢氧化物)＞w(Ha-Al)(Ha-Al为腐殖酸螯合态铝)＞w(Ex-Al)(Ex-Al为可交换态铝)＞w(Or-Al) (Or-Al为有机结合态铝)＞w(In-Al) (In-Al为无机吸附态铝),其中,结合较稳定的Hy-Al和Ha-Al占优势,二者质量分数之和在w(Tac-Al)中所占比例接近70.0%. 相关性分析显示,土壤中各形态活性铝质量分数之间均呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01),其中,w(Hy-Al)与w(Tac-Al)之间的R高达0.975(P＜0.01),接近线性关系;w(Tac-Al)随着土壤pH的降低而升高,随着w(有机质)的增加而增大. 因此,土壤中w(Tac-Al)并不由w(总Al)决定,而是受土壤pH和w(有机质)等因素的综合影响.      

落叶燃烧排放的颗粒物及有机碳、元素碳的研究

为研究落叶燃烧排放的颗粒物(PM)及有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC),采用明燃和闷燃两种形式对10种乔木的落叶进行燃烧实验,采集了排放的烟尘,并用元素碳/有机碳分析仪测定样品的OC和EC含量.结果表明,落叶在明燃状态下PM、OC、EC的排放因子范围分别为7.9~31.9、0.9~9.7、3.6~13.9 g·kg-1,平均值分别为19.7、5.2、6.8 g·kg-1.闷燃状态下PM、OC、EC的排放因子范围分别为61.3~128.9、31.7~60.4、1.9~6.0 g·kg-1,平均值分别为91.0、43.0、4.0 g·kg-1.明燃和闷燃的OC/EC变化范围分别为0.21~1.82和8.16~16.84.明燃状态下OC/PM、EC/PM的范围分别为0.11~0.41和0.18~0.56.闷燃状态下OC/PM、EC/PM的范围分别为0.43~0.53和0.03~0.06.OC和PM的排放因子在两种燃烧状态下均呈现显著的相关性.在不同的燃烧状态下,各组分之间的排放因子具有较大的差异,OC的排放因子在闷燃状态下高于明燃状态,而EC的排放因子则相反.不同燃烧状态下PM、OC、EC的排放因子及它们之间的比值分析,对建立森林生物质燃烧源排放清单以及来源解析具有重要意义.     

水稻幼苗镉积累特征和离体叶片耐镉性的基因型差异

水稻根系对镉(Cd)的富集能力和向地上部的转运效率直接决定着水稻地上部的Cd积累量,是影响稻米中镉含量的关键因素。提高水稻根系对Cd的阻控能力有助于降低南方稻区大米镉含量超标的风险。以水稻核心种质资源中的高Cd积累品种‘齐头白谷’和低Cd积累品种‘27760’的幼苗和离体叶片为材料,对其Cd吸收转运特性和耐镉能力进行了比较研究。结果表明,根系细胞壁和原生质体的Cd吸收动力学特征都符合米氏方程,‘齐头白谷’的Cd最大吸收速率F_(max)显著大于‘27760’,Km值无显著差异。当根际环境中的Cd浓度高于0.89μmol·L~(-1)时,‘齐头白谷’的细胞壁和原生质体的Cd积累速率显著高于‘27760’。地上部细胞壁和原生质体的Cd吸收速率与根系可溶性组分中的Cd浓度呈显著的线性正相关。当根系可溶性组分中的Cd浓度相近时,‘齐头白谷’地上部细胞壁和原生质体的Cd积累速率显著高于‘27760’。在0.89~8.9μmol·L~(-1)的Cd溶液中,‘齐头白谷’离体叶片的失绿速度明显低于‘27760’。‘齐头白谷’具有耐Cd能力强、Cd积累速率快和转运效率高的特点。水稻离体叶片的耐Cd能力和幼苗根系的Cd积累能力以及幼苗的Cd转运能力高度相关,它们都可作为快速鉴定低Cd积累品种的生理指标。