Z-scheme V2O5-Ag2O/g-C3N4异质结制备及其可见光催化性能

采用原位生长法制备V₂O₅,并将其与Ag₂O/g-C₃N₄水热复合制备V₂O₅-Ag₂O/g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂.利用XRD、FT-IR、SEM和UV-Vis DRS等方法对样品的形貌结构及光学性质进行表征.结果表明,V₂O₅成功掺杂在Ag₂O/g-C₃N₄上,与Ag₂O/g-C₃N₄相比,复合材料对可见光的吸收范围增大;在可见光照射180min后,V₂O₅掺杂量为15%的复合材料对亚甲基蓝(MB)的降解率达到99.10%.经过3次循环降解后,复合材料对MB的降解率保持85%以上,表明其具有良好的稳定性.通过掩蔽实验推测,空穴(h⁺)是光催化体系中主要的活性物质,其光催化性能增强的机理是Ag₂O与g-C₃N₄复合界面形成p-n异质结,并与V₂O₅之间的复合过程符合Z-scheme可见光驱动机制,有效阻碍了光生电子-空穴对的复合,促进活性物质的产生.     

深圳湾红树林湿地面源污染初期效应研究

研究了深圳湾红树林湿地雨水面源污染统计特征、污染过程线等方面内容,采用M(V)曲线法分析讨论了排入湿地的小沙河排放口污染物的特征规律。监测结果显示,BOD5、COD超过地表水环境Ⅴ类水指标,TN、TP没有超过地表水环境Ⅴ类水指标,表明现阶段流域附近的地区内的截污及河道清淤控制较好。M(V)曲线法分析表明,检测的各项污染物指标不存在明显的初期效应,其中BOD、COD、SS较TN、TP相对初期冲击强度较大。研究结果能够为红树林湿地水环境保护提供参考策略。     

不同纳米级锐钛型TiO2的V2O5基催化剂脱氮性能

以2种不同纳米级锐钛型TiO2为载体负载V2O5和WO3制备得到脱氮催化剂H和Z,在自制固定床反应器中测试其DeNOx活性,结果表明,催化剂H的活性比催化剂Z低得多.利用XRD、BET、FT-IR和SEM等手段对2种催化剂进行比较,BET表面积虽然会对DeNOx活性产生一定的影响,但催化剂H主要因为活性物质V2O5和载体TiO2发生反应,生成V3Ti6O17,导致其DeNOx活性大幅下降,而在催化剂Z中TiO2仍然保持锐钛型,未与V2O5发生反应.     

钒对大豆幼苗的毒害与土壤特性的关系

温室盆栽试验研究结果表明，在潮土中钒含量高于30mg／kg，大豆幼苗地上部和地下部干物质量显著减少（＞1％L．S．D）；而在红壤中，钒含量高达75mg／kg，对大豆幼苗的生长也没有明显的影响（＜5％L．S．D）。潮中易产生钒毒害的机理可能是因为对钒的吸附容量小，在土壤溶液中保持有较多量的有效钒供给大豆幼苗，并已当土壤pH变化时仍然保持对钒较高的吸附能力和供给能力。     

黄浦江上游周边农田土壤、蔬菜及道路灰尘中汞的累积

对黄浦江上游周边环境介质中总汞的含量进行了研究,并对环境介质中Hg的空间分布、累积特征及环境效应进行了分析.结果表明:黄浦江上游周边土壤及道路灰尘中Hg的平均含量分别为332.06ng·g-1和226.62 ng·g-1,分别是国家土壤质量标准(GB 15618-1995)中所规定的集中式生活饮用水源地土壤质量标准的2.21倍和1.51倍;蔬菜(豇豆)中Hg的平均含量为15.98 ng·g-1,超出国家标准(GB2762-2005)中规定的限量值;黄浦江北岸环境介质中Hg的平均含量均大于黄浦江南岸;环境介质中Hg的累积主要源于工业污染和生活垃圾的输入,交通污染对Hg的累积无明显的贡献作用;土壤中的Hg是黄浦江饮用水源地水环境中Hg的直接来源之一.     

Comparison of masking agents for antimony speciation analysis using hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry

A sensitive atomic spectrometric method for the redox speciation analysis of Sb in water is described. The proposed method is based on the selective generation of stibine from Sb(III) in a continuous flow system using non-dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometry for detection. The effects of the HCl concentration on the fluorescence intensities of Sb(III) and Sb(V) were investigated. The results indicated that atomic fluorescence emission due to Sb(V) can constructively interfere with the determination of Sb(III). For the determination of Sb(III), four compounds were tested as masking agents to inhibit the generation of stibine from Sb(V). The effects of the concentrations of the masking agents and of HCl on the fluorescence signals from Sb(III) and Sb(V) were studied. The results indicated that citric acid and NaF can successfully suppress hydride generation from Sb(V). To evaluate the developed methodology and the influence of the matrix, the recovery of Sb(III) from natural water that was spiked with different Sb(III) and Sb(V) concentrations was tested.     

三丁基锡对正常人胚胎羊膜细胞凋亡的诱导作用

为了探讨三丁基锡(TBT,tributyltin)对正常人羊膜细胞FL(humanamnioticcells)凋亡的诱导作用,进行了流式细胞仪PIAnnexinⅤ双染色检测TBT对FL细胞凋亡的诱导作用,并采用荧光染料FITC标记的特异性的caspase3的抑制剂检测活细胞中caspase3的酶活性.实验结果表明,0、1、2、3、4μmol·L-1浓度的三丁基锡作用于FL细胞2h后,细胞凋亡率和细胞中caspase3酶活性都明显升高,且有良好的剂量效应关系.表明三丁基锡在一定浓度和暴露时间下能够诱导FL细胞的凋亡,而且在此过程中,caspase3起重要作用.     

水深梯度对苦草生长和生物量的影响

将采用沙壤土培育的苦草幼苗（Vallisneria natans）放置于60-170 cm的水深范围内,每10 cm一个处理,使用光照计测定不同水深的光照强度并用 Skalar 水质流动分析仪测定试验水体的理化指标,观测苦草在不同的水深梯度下形态及叶片、叶绿素含量的变化,以研究水深梯度对沉水植物的个体生长发育及生物量的影响。试验结果表明：（1）试验30 d后,在60-130 cm的水深范围内,苦草株高随水深的增加而增高,在130-170 cm的水深范围内,随水深增加而降低,130 cm处苦草的平均高度最大,达67.9 cm;试验60 d,苦草的叶片长度、宽度、面积都随着水深的增加而减小,且在150-170 cm水深范围内叶片长度明显变小,苦草的生长速率随水深的增加显著下降;（2）不同试验组苦草的叶片长度、宽度、面积以及生长速率与水深呈明显的负相关（P＜0.01）,而叶绿素含量与水深呈明显的正相关（P＜0.01）,叶片面积在140-150 cm水深范围内减小最明显,且在140-160 cm水深范围内苦草各叶绿素指标较高,尤其是chl a＋b在水深160 cm处高达1.876 mg·g^-1;（3）苦草叶片叶绿素含量随着水深的增加（光强降低）而升高,其变化幅度为0.369-1.876 mg·g^-1,其中叶片叶绿素a随着水深的增加呈波动递增的趋势,且在水深80 cm处较低（0.268 mg·g^-1）,而叶绿素b在60-170 cm水深范围内总体较平稳,在水深160 cm处达到最高（0.505 mg·g^-1）,chl a/b变化幅度较小,仅在2.49-2.84 mg·g^-1之间;（4）试验60 d后,各试验组总生物量的较大值主要集中在100-140 cm水深范围内,其中地上部分生物量平均占全株生物量的89.5%,地下部分生物量只占10.5%,生物量的分配随水深梯度变化不明显。说明水深梯度的变化对苦草的叶片生长及叶绿素含量有影响,但对生物量的分配作用不明显。研究表明在100-140 cm的水深范围内?     

Evaluation of initiation activity of dimethylarsinic acid: Initiation potential of rat hepatocarcinogenesis

There is a dearth of data on the initiation activity of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA (V)), a major metabolite of the ubiquitous environmental and occupational carcinogen and toxicant, arsenic (As). The initiation activity of DMA (V) was investigated on rat hepatocarcinogenesis with liver being a major target organ for As-induced carcinogenicity. A total of 50 rats at 10 weeks old were randomly divided in a nine-week medium-term bioassay into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 received 200 ppm of DMA (V) in drinking water for four weeks while groups 3 and 4 drank only tap water until the sixth week when groups 1 and 3 were given 0.01% 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) in their diet for two weeks in the promotion stage. All animals were subjected to two-third partial hepatectomy (PH) at the seventh week. Quantitative analysis of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci in liver, a pre-neoplastic marker of rat hepatocarcinogenesis, demonstrated higher numbers in group 1 (DMA (V) + 2-AAF) than 3 (2-AAF alone) at foci consisting of two–four cells and 15 or a greater number of cells. The numbers of GST-P positive foci consisting of five–nine cells were significantly higher in group 1 than 3. Foci consisting of 10–14 cells were also higher but not significantly different. The GST-P positive foci were apparently similar in groups 2 and 4. Expression of total GST-P positive foci was significantly higher in group 1 compared to 2, 3 or 4. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) test performed to clarify the apparent trend of GST-P data revealed significantly higher PCNA index in group 1. Data indicate weak initiation potential of DMA (V) and for the first time appear to provide evidence for initiation activity in DMA (V)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.