菌株Sphingomonas sp. FL降解溴氨酸的特性研究

分离了1株溴氨酸降解菌,其可以溴氨酸为唯一碳源进行降解并使其脱色,通过16S rRNA基因序列比较和生理生化特性分析,将其归为鞘氨醇单胞菌属.溴氨酸降解和菌株生长的最适条件为：温度30℃,pH 7.0,摇床转速100 r/min ,(NH₄)₂SO₄作为氮源,在此条件下,溴氨酸（100 mg/L）在14 h内的脱色率可达99%.低浓度NaCl（<2%）对脱色有促进作用,而高浓度NaCl（≥2%）对脱色产生抑制.以Haldane底物抑制模型表征溴氨酸初始浓度对脱色的影响,确定当初始浓度为1 393.5 mg/L 时可取得最佳比降解速率1.4 h^-1.菌株不能将溴氨酸完全矿化,至反应终点52.4%的有机碳得到去除.利用GC-MS和HPLC-MS分析代谢产物显示,溴氨酸降解的中间产物是邻苯二甲酸,终产物可能为2-氨基-3-羟基-5-溴苯磺酸或2-氨基-4-羟基-5-溴苯磺酸,邻苯二甲酸可经3,4-二羟基苯甲酸途径进一步降解而被菌体利用.     

Activated carbon supported TiO2-photocatalysis doped with Fe ions for continuous treatment of dye wastewater in a dynamic reactor

Fe-doped TiO2 coated on activated carbon (Fe-TiO2/AC, FTA) composites were prepared by an improved sol-gel method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray di ractometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and BET surface area analysis. Obtained FTA composites were applied to the continuous treatment of dye wastewater in a dynamic reactor. The e ects of Fe ion content, catalyst content, UV-lamp power and flowrate of the continuous treatment of dye wastewater on degradation e ciency were analyzed to determine the optimum operating conditions of dye wastewater degradation. Continuous photocatalytic experiments provided interesting results that FTA had a high chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate compared with TiO2, Fe doped TiO2 (FT) and TiO2 coated on activated carbon (TA). In particular, when using the FTA catalyst with a Fe ion content of 0.33%, the kinetic content (k = 0.0376) of COD removal was more than the sum of both TA (0.0205) and 0.33% FT (0.0166). FTA showed a high photoactivity because of a synergistic e ect between Fe ions and AC on TiO2, which is higher than the individual e ects of AC or Fe ions on TiO2. Additionally, for the photocatalytic degradation of dye wastewater, the optimum Fe ion content, catalyst content, UV-lamp power and flowrate were 0.33%, 6 g/L, 60 W (two lamps) and 300 mL/hr, respectively. An investigation of catalyst reuse revealed that the 0.33% FTA showed almost no deactivation in photocatalytic degradation of naturally treated wastewater.     

烟曲霉菌吸附染料的解吸及其机理

研究了烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)生长菌体吸附染料后的解吸情况及其机理。结果表明,吸附有直接染料或活性染料的生长菌体在甲醇体系中均有相当高的解析率;解吸剂溶液的酸碱性对解吸率有很大影响,酸性环境下解吸受到抑制,而碱性环境可显著提高解吸速度和解吸率;初始温度对解吸的影响较小,温度升高,解吸率有所降低;解吸剂用量较少,只需少量解吸剂,吸附在生长菌体中的染料就可比较彻底的解吸出来。采用甲醇解吸吸附有活性艳蓝KN-R的生长菌体的作用机理为,甲醇和染料分子中的磺酸基发生了放热反应,生成了磺酸甲酯。吸附有活性艳蓝KN-R的生长菌体在甲醇体系中的解吸符合一级指数衰减模型,解吸初始阶段,反应速度较快;反应中后期,甲醇要突破缠绕致密的菌丝球和生物膜的障碍才能和染料相接触,因而反应速度较慢。吸附有染料的生长菌体在采用甲醇解吸出吸附在其上的染料后,仍可接入到染料体系中对其进行吸附脱色,且可连续使用3次以上。     

活性炭催化过二硫酸盐降解水中AO7

过二硫酸盐（persulfate,PS）活化技术是基于硫酸根自由基（SO 4^-.）的一种新型高级氧化技术.用颗粒状活性炭（GAC）常温常压下直接非均相催化PS来降解水中难生化偶氮染料AO7（acid orange 7）.结果表明,GAC/PS体系对AO7不但能够快速脱色,而且有较高的矿化率.n（PS）∶n（AO7）为...     

肠杆菌对偶氮染料活性黑5的脱色研究

从实验室处理印染废水的改良厌氧-缺氧-好氧系统的活性污泥中分离出对偶氮染料具有脱色活性的菌体,研究了不同pH值、脱色温度、接菌量以及装液量等条件对菌株降解活性黑5的影响,并设计正交实验,获得其降解模拟偶氮染料废水的最佳反应条件.研究结果表明,菌株Enterobacter sp.Gl在30℃、pH为6、装液量为100 m...     

Role of quantum dots nanoparticles in the chemical treatment of colored wastewater: Catalysts or additional pollutants

The objective of the study was to investigate the presence and the activity of quantum dots nanoparticles in colored wastewaters. The special interest is devoted to the investigation of their role in the typical treatment of water or wastewater, studying their influence on the effectiveness of applied treatments methods. The standard chemical processes for water treatment and disinfection (direct UV photolysis and direct ozonation) were applied for the degradation of colored organic pollutant, reactive azo dye, in the presence/absence of CdSe/ZnS core-shells quantum dots. The obtained results indicated that investigated nanoparticles inhibit the overall efficiency of applied processes, especially in the case of direct UV photolysis, although catalytic effect might be expected in part due to the semiconductor nature of quantum dots. Such results lead to a conclusion that CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles behave as additional pollutants in the system. They should be removed from the system prior the treatment, because their presence could decrease the efficiency, i.e., prolong the time of treatment and correspondingly increase the costs of the treatment process.     

新型Fe3O4@SA/La复合凝胶微球的制备及吸附性能

将海藻酸钠（SA）、Fe₃O₄和La（Ⅲ）离子通过溶液反应法制得一种新型磁性海藻酸镧复合凝胶微球（Fe₃O₄@SA/La）,采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）及红外光谱（FT-IR）等进行表征.以直接红棕RN（DRB RN）和直接深棕2M（DDB 2M）2种直接染料为吸附对象,考察了染料溶液pH值、吸附时间和温度对吸附剂性能的影响.结果表明：在吸附剂投加量为0.1g、染料溶液自然pH值条件下,Fe₃O₄@SA/La复合凝胶微球室温下对DDB 2M和DRB RN均有良好的吸附性,120min即可达吸附平衡,吸附量分别可达678和688mg/g.吸附过程符合拟二级吸附动力学方程,等温吸附符合Freundlich模型.吸附剂对2种染料的吸附热力学参数（ΔG<0、ΔH<0、ΔS>0）表明吸附反应均为混乱度增加的自发放热反应.     

醌基修饰PVA海绵的制备、表征及加速偶氮染料生物脱色研究

非水溶性氧化还原介体催化强化污染物降解是目前环境领域研究的热点,通过合成实验开发出醌基功能基团接枝聚乙烯醇海绵(PVA)载体,从而制备出含有醌基的高分子介体材料,并进行偶氮染料生物降解研究.醌基修饰PVA海绵中醌基含量是0.08 mmol·g-1,其中最佳胺化时间为6 h,最佳胺化温度是30℃,最佳接醌时间是2 h,最佳接醌温度为40℃.通过元素分析与扫描电镜表明醌基基团已经成功固定到PVA表面.合成的以PVA为载体的醌基高分子介体材料对偶氮染料进行生物降解,实验表明醌基修饰PVA具有高效的催化活性和良好的催化稳定性.多次循环使用后仍能保持较高的生物脱色催化性能,使得其在水污染处理方面具有良好的实际应用前景.     

利用层叠苯环π—π相互作用改善废水处理中酞菁催化剂的自氧化弊端

提出以聚苯乙烯树脂为载体的四磺酸酞菁钴催化剂固载化方法,通过聚苯乙烯聚合物中的苯环与酞菁分子上的18π电子大环体发生π-π相互作用,改善四磺酸酞菁钴在过氧化氢存在条件下易自氧化降解的弊端.结果表明,由D201大孔强碱性阴离子交换树脂负载的四磺酸酞菁钴催化剂催化过氧化氢氧化50mg/L的染料C.I.Acid Blue 25的去除效率可达99%以上,并且循环套用后去除效率保持稳定,有效提高了四磺酸酞菁钴的催化活性与催化寿命.     

高色度印染废水中六价铬的测定研究

印染行业的废水含有多种染料,具有较深的色度,从而影响六价铬的测定.因此印染废水的脱色对六价铬的分析非常重要.本文主要利用活性炭吸附有机染料的特性,对六价铬分光光度法测定的前处理进行了优化探讨,使废水中的染料被吸附的同时,不影响六价铬的测定.研究结果表明,在pH＞8.5时,活性炭对六价铬基本没有吸附,其他因素的影响也较小,可以用活性炭来处理高色度印染废水,同时确定了活性炭脱色的用量以及前处理的过程.