Safety issues related to the maintenance operations in a vegetable oil refinery: A case study

The present work was focused on maintenance hazards related to vegetable oil refining. An incident occurred in an Italian vegetable oil refinery was presented to evidence this safety criticality. The incident took place during a maintenance shut down, and was associated to the ignition of the solid residual in a packed column. No fatalities or injuries were reported, but the column was strongly damaged and removed from the plant. A specific experimental characterization of the solid residues accumulated in the column, sampled both from the damaged and undamaged parts of the column, was carried out in order to determine the conditions leading to unwanted combustion of the residues. At the same time, samples taken from the damaged column steelwork were subjected to metallurgical analysis aimed at the thermal and mechanical characterization of the steel, obtaining information about the incident duration and temperature reached during the combustion phenomenon. The study evidenced the need of adequate maintenance procedures and safety management in the generic framework of food industry, identified as key lessons learned.     

若干蔬菜和菜区土壤的重金属含量调查

本文介绍了杭州市菜区土壤及部分蔬菜重金属含量状况及分布规律。其中土壤中汞的平均含量是对照点的2.6倍,铅增加69.5％,铜增加58.17％,砷和锌增加19％左右,镍和镉与对照点含量接近。蔬菜中主要积累元素为铅汞。文章还扼要提出了防止菜区重金属污染的对策。     

蔬菜中有机磷农药残留研究及对策

以西安市为例，研究了蔬菜中有机磷农药的残留问题，分析了不同农药在蔬菜中的残留特征以及不同品种蔬菜、不同类型蔬菜中农药残留的特征，讨论了蔬菜中农药残留量超标的原因及相关对策。     

Mercury in soil, vegetable and human hair in a typical mining area in China: Implication for human exposure

Concentrations of total mercury(T-Hg) and methylmercury(MeHg) in soil, vegetables, and human hair were measured in a mercury mining area in central China. T-Hg and MeHg concentrations in soil ranged from 1.53 to 1054.97 mg/kg and 0.88 to 46.52 μg/kg, respectively.T-Hg concentrations was correlated with total organic carbon(TOC) content(R~2= 0.50, p0.01)and pH values(R~2= 0.21, p0.05). A significant linear relationship was observed between MeHg concentrations and the abundance of sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB)(R~2= 0.39, p0.05) in soil.Soil incubation experiments amended with specific microbial stimulants and inhibitors showed that Hg methylation was derived from SRB activity. T-Hg and MeHg concentrations in vegetables were 24.79 – 781.02 μg/kg and 0.01 – 0.18 μg/kg, respectively; levels in the edible parts were significantly higher than in the roots(T-Hg: p0.05; MeHg: p0.01). Hg species concentrations in rhizosphere soil were positively correlated to those in vegetables(p0.01), indicating that soil was an important source of Hg in vegetables. Risk assessment indicated that the consumption of vegetables could result in higher probable daily intake(PDI) of T-Hg than the provisional tolerable daily intake(PTDI) for both adults and children. In contrast, the PDI of MeHg was lower than the reference dose. T-Hg and MeHg concentrations in hair samples ranged from 1.57 to 12.61 mg/kg and 0.04 to 0.94 mg/kg, respectively, and MeHg concentration in hair positively related to PDI of MeHg via vegetable consumption(R~2= 0.39, p0.05), suggesting that vegetable may pose health risk to local residents.     

蔬菜废物的两相厌氧消化产气研究

从Holbak丹麦废物处理厂收集的蔬菜废物进行了两相厌氧消化产气的研究。对水解条件，接种物质的添加，pH，及甲烷母液对消化产气的影响进行了考察。结果显示沥液循环实验的COD产率为67．9g／kg湿物质，VFA产率为44．7g/kg湿物质，产气为44．7g/kg湿物质；水冲实验的COD产率为128．2g/kg kg湿物质，VFA产率为128．0g／kg kg湿物质，产气为1281／kg湿物质，牛粪的添加使得蔬菜废物COD及VFA产率提高了30％。还发现以牛粪作为甲烷母液，在pH低于6．8时可以有高的甲烷初始产率。     

氟污染对蔬菜的影响及其防治途径的研究

通过对上海市郊十个工厂附近的大气、降尘、水、土壤、蔬菜和人尿等生态因素含氟量的调查研究,证明各厂排放的氟化物对附近的蔬菜生产和人体健康都有不同程度的影响。其污染的严重程度与各厂的排放强度以及与厂外的距离有密切关系,并对污染源的治理、减少蔬菜的损失和保障人体的健康提山一些合理的建议。     

海口市蔬菜土壤重金属含量特征研究

采用野外调查法结合实验室分析法对海口市郊区蔬菜土壤重金属含量特征进行研究,测定了Cr、As、Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni、和Hg 8种重金属全量、有效态含量及蔬菜土壤pH值和有机质含量,重金属全量与有效态含量间的相关性及土壤pH值,有机质含量与蔬菜土壤中重金属全量间的相关性。结果表明,海口市蔬菜土壤中各种重金属均表现出一定的累积趋势;8种重金属元素有效态含量与全量呈正相关,重金属有效态占全量比例在1.86%~13.47%之间,其中Cd、Pb和Hg较高,分别为13.47%、10.23%和8.42%,三者表现出较大的潜在污染风险;土壤p H值和有机质含量与重金属全量表现出一定的相关性,相关性大小与重金属种类有关;重金属全量并不能全面正确评价土壤的环境效应,对蔬菜土壤重金属污染程度进行评价时,应把重金属全量、有效态含量与土壤基本理化性质结合起来进行研究。     

铬渣对地下水、土壤、蔬菜污染机制的研究

本文对沈阳市化工石油厂（现为石油化工二厂），在６０年代产生废铬渣６０００余吨．由于铬渣堆放不合理，经过风吹雨淋造成了周围环境污染，导致了沈海菜田的地下水．土壤、蔬菜受到严重污染．通过专项调研，全面剖析了铬渣中的六价铬对地下水、土壤、蔬菜的污染规律．     

Fiji, land of tropical cyclones and hurricanes: A case study of agricultural rehabilitation

Tropical cyclones and hurricanes have a severe impact on the social and economic activities of affected communities. For small island nations in the Pacific region, the effects can be devastating because of their smallness. FQi and several other countries in the region are vulnerable to such disasters as they are situated in the zone where cyclones occur frequently.
During the last decade, the frequency of natural disasters and their adverse impact on die economic and social development of small nations like Fiji, has aroused awareness mat relief efforts must go beyond immediate "mopping up" operations to those which contribute to attaining longer term benefits through reconstruction and rehabilitation.
The paper outlines the 1985 agricultural rehabilitation program and discusses related issues and problems.     

成都地区蔬菜中重金属污染分析与评价

通过对成都地区的9种蔬菜152个样品的可食部分中重金属元素的分析研究，查明了蔬菜中重金属汞、砷、铅、锡的含量及分布特征。结果表明，锡和铅是成都地区蔬菜中的主要污染元素，在检测的蔬菜样品中，锡和铅的超标率分别为29．4％和22％，最高超标分别为5.60倍和2.86倍，汞和砷无超标现象。