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861.
为探讨粪肥携带的微生物对土壤微生物的影响,以长期施用粪肥和化肥的土壤为研究对象,耦合传统微生物学培养方法和现代分子微生物学方法,分析了猪粪和灭菌猪粪对2种土壤的细菌数量、群落结构和热代谢活性的影响.结果表明,以9.0t/hm2的用量施入时,猪粪和灭菌猪粪对两种土壤中的可培养细菌数量以及细菌16S-rRNA拷贝数均无明显影响;土壤中的土著微生物对猪粪携带的外源细菌在土壤中定殖具有明显的抑制作用,将2种土壤灭菌后添加猪粪,可培养细菌平均数量较未灭菌土壤分别增加45.96和96.21倍.粪肥输入的化学物质未导致土壤细菌群落结构和相对丰度发生明显变化;而粪肥输入的外源细菌Marinilabiaceae、Porphyromonadaceae、Bacteroidale和Pseudomonadaceae则可以在长期施用化肥的土壤中定殖并对相应的细菌丰度造成影响,但是在长期施用粪肥的土壤中,这些细菌在最开始就被抑制.添加粪肥提高了长期施用化肥土壤的微生物热代谢活性,但对长期施用粪肥的土壤无明显影响.长期施用化肥的土壤受粪源细菌的影响较大,而长期施用粪肥的土壤对粪肥的敏感度降低,对粪肥携带的外源细菌的抑制作用增强. 相似文献
862.
863.
In FRG and other countries unequivocal criteria for the limitation of dioxins (PCDD's/PCDF's) in food like vegetables and fruits are lacking. These have to be directly associated with the limitation of dioxins in the soil and the deposition of particulate matter as the two main pathways for plant contamination. Based on recent investigations in the vicinity of cable-waste incinerators in Northrhine-Westphalia with comparatively high contents of dioxins in garden plants and soils and other sources of dioxins, considerations are given for the establishment of the criteria urgently needed. 相似文献
864.
865.
866.
污染土壤修复的技术再造与展望 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
污染土壤的面积在迅速扩大,迫切需要修复、治理;随着土壤污染组分的日益复杂化,等待着全面、高效的修复技术的研制。对污染土壤修复相关技术现状进行剖析表明,现有的各种污染土壤修复技术由于存在着许多技术上难以克服的问题,需要从技术的现有进展和技术构想进行整体意义上的创新,即如何把现有的技术进行参数优化、改造后进行最佳组合与综合,才能取得该技术领域的重大突破。污染土壤的生态化学修复,其实质在于技术的再造,代表了21世纪污染土壤修复技术的发展方向。 相似文献
867.
868.
宝应县土壤重金属的污染调查 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以宝应县农田土壤重金属调查为依据,采用污染指数法对土壤质量进行评价,分析土壤重金属污染原因,提出防治措施。 相似文献
869.
Contamination of soil by technical chlorophenol formulation at wood preserving sites was studied. The examined soils contained 50 to 1000 mg of polychlorinated phenols (CPs), 1 to 50 mg of polychlorinated phenoxyphenols (“pre-dioxins”, PCPPs) and 0.1 to 5 mg of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) per kg of dry soil. CPs were found to be mobile, leaching deep into the soil, while PCPPs and PCDFs accumulated in the top soil. All three classes of contaminants were stable in soil. 相似文献
870.
Modeling in situ ozonation for the remediation of nonvolatile PAH-contaminated unsaturated soils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mathematical models were developed to investigate the characteristics of gaseous ozone transport under various soil conditions and the feasibility of in situ ozone venting for the remediation of unsaturated soils contaminated with phenanthrene. On the basis of assumptions for the mass transfer and reactions of ozone, three approaches were considered: equilibrium, kinetic, and lump models. Water-saturation-dependent reactions of gaseous ozone with soil organic matter (SOM) and phenanthrene were employed. The models were solved numerically by using the finite-difference method, and the model parameters were determined by using the experimental data of Hsu [The use of gaseous ozone to remediate the organic contaminants in the unsaturated soils, PhD Thesis, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI, 1995]. The transport of gas-phase ozone is significantly retarded by ozone consumption due to reactions with SOM and phenanthrene, in addition to dissolution. An operation time of 156 h was required to completely remove phenanthrene in a 5-m natural soil column. In actual situations, however, the operation time is likely to be longer than the ideal time because of unknown factors including heterogeneity of the porous medium and the distribution of SOM and contaminant. The ozone transport front length was found to be very limited (< 1 m). The sensitivity analysis indicated that SOM is the single most important factor affecting in situ ozonation for the remediation of unsaturated soil contaminated with phenanthrene. Models were found to be insensitive to the reaction mechanisms of phenathrene with either gas-phase ozone or dissolved ozone. More study is required to quantify the effect of OH* formation on the removal of contaminant and on ozone transport in the subsurface. 相似文献