中国工业园区低碳发展路径研究

中国政府承诺CO₂排放力争于2030年前达到峰值,努力争取2060年前实现碳中和。在工业部门深化应对气候变化和全面推进绿色转型的背景下,数量庞大的工业园区已然成为"十四五"乃至今后一个时期工业领域实现科学、精准碳减排的关键靶点。本研究首先剖析了中国工业园区低碳发展面临的挑战与机遇;进而以2015年为基准年,面向2035和2050年美丽中国建设两阶段战略目标,研究提出了工业园区碳减排的目标、路径和潜力,以期为园区深化低碳发展提供决策参考。研究显示,2015年中国工业园区CO₂排放总量约为28亿吨,占全国总排放量的31%。通过产业结构调整、能效提升、能源结构优化、碳捕集等低碳路径,2015-2050年全国园区预期可减排CO₂ 18亿吨,在2015年基础上减排60%以上;其中,2015-2035年减排8亿吨,2035-2050年减排10亿吨。     

Geological emission of methane from the Yakela condensed oil/gas field in Talimu Basin, Xinjiang, China

A static flux chamber method was applied to study natural emissions of methane into the atmosphere in the Yakela condensed oil/gas field in Talimu Basin, Xinjiang, China. Using an online method, which couples a gas chromatography/high-temperature conversion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/MS) together, the 13C/12C ratios of methane in the flux chambers were measured. The results demonstrated that methane gases were liable to migrate from deep oil/gas reservoir to the surface through microseepage and p...     

Numerical study on the ozone formation inside street canyons using a chemistry box model

Tropospheric ozone is a secondary air pollutant produced in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NO_x),volatile organic compounds (VOCs),and solar radiation.In an urban environment,ground-level vehicular exhaust is the major anthropogenic source of ozone precursors.In the cases of street canyons,pollutant dilution is weakened by the surrounding buildings that creates localized high concentration of NO_x and VOCs,and thus leads to high potential of ozone formation.By considering the major physical and chemica...     

农田面源污染团队式治理方法初探

我国农田面源污染的环境经济治理方式还不健全,急需适应我国农业特征的面源污染治理手段。现阶段环境税费政策通过对农业投入的控制,容易影响农户农业生产的积极性,而且还存在一定的技术难度和设备成本约束。团队式治理方法是一种更直接的面源污染监管手段,通过将农户组成团队,比管理单个农户节约成本;通过一定的奖惩措施激励农户主动调整污染排放水平;给定的合约条件约束了农户在重复博弈下的"搭便车"行为,保证了团队的存续。     

贮灰场源强的确定及污染防治措施

灰场评价是电厂环境影响评价中非常重要的部分,粉煤灰的性质,决定了空气环境影响评价在贮灰场的评价中具有重要的地位和作用。而贮灰场源强的计算,则是贮灰场空气评价的关键。本文结合实际工作,从贮灰场空气污染源产生环节分析入手,结合已有资料,分别讨论了干式贮灰场空气污染源中表层起尘量和自卸汽车卸料起尘量的影响因素及源强计算,并根据其影响因素,总结了贮灰场空气污染防治措施的一些要点,希望对广大环评工作者有所裨益。     

国际城市CO2排放清单研究进展及评述

综述和分析了国际城市CO2排放清单研究进展,及国际组织/机构建立的城市清单标准和协议.将城市清单方法划分为直接排放法、碳足迹法和直接-间接排放混合法,并比较分析了各种方法的特点和优劣势.探讨了城市清单中范围3的内容和计算深度及城市交通排放分配问题.早期城市排放清单基本沿用国家清单方法,但当城市作为消费者的特色愈加明显,其清单方法学受城市物质循环思想的影响,已经不同于国家清单方法并逐渐成熟.在准确性、公平性和效率性原则下,直接-间接排放混合法成为城市清单的主流方法,当前排放主要包括范围1+范围2,但未来范围1+范围2+范围3(重点产品和服务)将成为主流趋势.城市清单中范围3的标准化和可操作性问题,及城市交通分配方法的统一和规范是近期城市清单研究的重点和难点.城市CO2排放监测将会成为城市清单的重要支撑,其作为独立数据源将在城市清单的可测量、可报告、可核查中会发挥重要作用.     

Carbon Embodied in International Trade of China and Its Emission Responsibility

Abstract

Carbon emissions embodied in international trade of China during 1997–2007 are accounted by input–output method based on Chinese input–output table and global trade analysis project database. It is revealed that carbon emissions embodied in imports and exports both increased during 1997–2007, but carbon emissions embodied in exports are greater than those embodied in imports, China is a net export nation in embodied carbon. The net exports of embodied carbon account for about 10.82% of the total carbon emissions in 1997, dropped to 7.15% in 2002, increased to 13.13% in 2006, and slightly dropped to 12.64% in 2007. Low-end position of international industry division is an objective factor of being a net exporter of embodied carbon for China, and usage of a large amount of obsolete energy-using equipments wasted much energy and increased carbon emissions embodied in exports. Importers should take more responsibilities for carbon emissions embodied in trade, and China should take a certain responsibility for unreasonable energy dissipations too.     

Application of Tradable Emission Permits in Europe

Abstract

The purpose of this study is merely to review the current situation in the designing and implementation of the emission trading programs in Europe. Historical data show that although there is a series of shortcomings in their current functioning, employing such instruments for GHG reduction policy making is strongly expected to be efficient and effective. The European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS), Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI) are just a few examples of the ambitious EU initiative that heavily relies on such instruments. We dwell on their operations and achievements by far and all the content in this article is expected to convince the Chinese government and regional public authorities to take positive actions and attitudes in promoting these instruments.     

Environmental Capital,Negative Externality and Carbon Finance Innovation

Abstract

In the context of global climate change, the internalization of negative externality, which is brought about by the traditional mode of economic growth, has become an inevitable choice. In order to achieve the internalization, it is necessary to make innovations on the market mechanism and system, find the value of environmental capital, establish a new mode of economic growth based on environmental capital, and then transform the environmental capital, an exogenous factor of economic growth, into an endogenous factor. Of this, the key of market mechanism and system innovation is the financial innovation that is based on environmental capital and negative externality; the government defines the initial property right of environmental resources and establishes environment energy trading market, so as to guide enterprises to trade environmental resources (represented by carbon emission permit trading) based on the Clean Development Mechanism, and to vigorously develop environmental finance and carbon finance.     

钢铁生产行业二英污染特征变化及其排放因子

对我国某省多家钢铁生产企业烧结工序和电炉工序排放烟气中二英（PCDD/Fs）污染水平、排放特征及其排放因子进行了初步研究.结果表明,烧结工序PCDD/Fs毒性当量浓度（以I-TEQ计,下同）为0.003~0.557 ng·m^-3,均值为0.165 ng·m^-3;电炉工序PCDD/Fs毒性当量浓度为0.006~0.057 ng·m^-3,均值为0.025 ng·m^-3.PCDD/Fs毒性当量浓度水平总体较低,较2005~2019年研究报道结果下降1~2个数量级.2005~2020年,钢铁生产行业排放PCDD/Fs毒性当量浓度水平先升高后降低,尤其是新的标准限值实施以及对烟尘等常规污染物进行超低排放控制后,呈现大幅下降.指纹谱图特征显示,所有烟气样品17种PCDD/Fs中最大浓度贡献单体为2,3,7,8-TCDF,与已有研究中以高氯代PCDFs和PCDDs为主不同,且低氯代PCDFs占比有所增加,表明PCDD/Fs生成主要来源有所变化.烧结工序和电炉工序PCDD/Fs同类物指纹分布特征相似,呈现典型的高温热过程特征,两个工序生产过程中PCDD/Fs的生成机制可能均为"从头合成".钢铁生产企业烧结工序PCDD/Fs废气排放因子（以I-TEQ计,下同）为0.003~0.5 μg·t^-1,排放因子平均值为（0.18±0.22）μg·t^-1;电炉工序PCDD/Fs废气排放因子为0.04~0.5 μg·t^-1,排放因子平均值为（0.27±0.23）μg·t^-1;低于UNEP于2013发布的"二英和呋喃排放识别和量化标准工具包"以及2004年我国二英排放清单中的排放因子,建议对我国钢铁生产行业PCDD/Fs排放状况开展调查,更新排放因子.